Umunzani ukoreshwa mu gucuruza ubucuruzi ushyirwa mu bikoresho byo gupima bigomba kugenzurwa na leta ku gahato hakurikijwe amategeko. Ibi birimo umunzani wa kane, umunzani muto, umunzani wa platifomu, n'ibicuruzwa bipima amakamyo. Igipimo icyo ari cyo cyose gikoreshwa mu gukemura ibicuruzwa kigomba kugenzurwa ku gahato; bitabaye ibyo, ibihano birashobora gutangwa. Igenzura rikorwa hakurikijweJJG 539-2016Amabwiriza yo kugenzuraKuriIbipimo byerekana imibare, zishobora no gukoreshwa mukugenzura umunzani wamakamyo. Ariko, hariho irindi tegeko ryo kugenzura byumwihariko kubipimo byamakamyo bishobora kwerekanwa:JJG 1118-2015Amabwiriza yo kugenzuraKuriIbyuma bya elegitoronikiUmunzani w'ikamyo(Fungura uburyo bwakagari). Guhitamo byombi biterwa nuburyo nyabwo, nubwo akenshi kugenzura bikorwa hakurikijwe JJG 539-2016.
Muri JJG 539-2016, ibisobanuro byiminzani nibi bikurikira:
Muri aya Mabwiriza, ijambo "umunzani" ryerekeza ku bwoko bw'igikoresho cyo gupima kitari mu buryo bwikora (NAWI).
Ihame: Iyo umutwaro ushyizwe kumurongo wakira, sensor yo gupima (selile selile) itanga ikimenyetso cyamashanyarazi. Iki kimenyetso noneho gihindurwa kandi gitunganywa nigikoresho cyo gutunganya amakuru, kandi ibisubizo byo gupima byerekanwa nigikoresho cyerekana.
Imiterere: Igipimo kigizwe niyakirwa ryumutwaro, selile yimizigo, hamwe nicyerekana gupima. Irashobora kuba iyubwubatsi bwuzuye cyangwa ubwubatsi bwa modular.
Gusaba: Iyi minzani ikoreshwa cyane cyane kubicuruzwa bipima no gupima, kandi bikoreshwa cyane mubucuruzi bwubucuruzi, ibyambu, ibibuga byindege, ububiko n’ibikoresho, metallurgie, ndetse no mu nganda zinganda.
Ubwoko bwa digitale yerekana umunzani: Intebe ya elegitoronike n'ibipimo bya platifomu (hamwe byitwa intebe ya elegitoroniki / umunzani wa platifomu), birimo: Umunzani wo kubara, Gupima umunzani gusa, Umunzani, Kubara umunzani, Ibipimo byinshi, Umunzani-intera n'ibindi.;Umunzani wa elegitoroniki ya kane, urimo: Umunzani, Kumanika umunzani, Hejuru yingendo zingana, Umunzani n'ibindi.;Umunzani uhamye wa elegitoronike, urimo: Umunzani wa elegitoroniki, Umunzani wa elegitoroniki, Umunzani wa elegitoroniki n'ibindi.
Ntagushidikanya ko ibikoresho binini bipima nk'iminzani cyangwa umunzani w'amakamyo biri mu cyiciro cy'iminzani ihamye ya elegitoroniki, bityo bikaba bishobora kugenzurwa hakurikijweAmabwiriza yo kugenzuraKuriIbipimo byerekana imibare(JJG 539-2016). Ku munzani ntoya, gupakira no gupakurura uburemere busanzwe biroroshye. Nyamara, kumunzani munini upima metero 3 × 18 cyangwa ufite ubushobozi burenga toni 100, gukora biragoye cyane. Gukurikiza byimazeyo uburyo bwo kugenzura JJG 539 bitera ibibazo bikomeye, kandi bimwe mubisabwa birashobora kuba bidashoboka kubishyira mubikorwa.Ku munzani wamakamyo, kugenzura imikorere ya metrologiya bikubiyemo ibintu bitanu: Gushyira kuri zeru no kumenya neza ukuri., Umutwaro udasanzwe (umutwaro wo hagati), Gupima, Gupima nyuma yo kurira, Gusubiramo no kuvangura urwego. Muri ibyo, umutwaro udasanzwe, gupima, gupima nyuma yo kurambirwa, no gusubiramo biratwara igihe.Niba inzira zubahirizwa cyane, ntibishoboka kurangiza kugenzura nigipimo cyikamyo imwe mumunsi umwe. Ndetse iyo gusubiramo ari byiza, kwemerera kugabanya ingano yuburemere bwibizamini no gusimbuza igice, inzira iracyari ingorabahizi.
7.1 Ibikoresho bisanzwe byo kugenzura
7.1.1 Uburemere busanzwe
7.1.1.
7.1.1.2 Umubare wibipimo bisanzwe ugomba kuba uhagije kugirango wuzuze ibisabwa byo gupima.
7.1.1.3 Ibipimo byinyongera bigomba gutangwa kugirango bikoreshwe hamwe nuburyo bwo gutwara ibintu rimwe na rimwe kugirango bikureho amakosa yo kuzenguruka.
7.1.2 Gusimbuza ibiro bisanzwe
Iyo igipimo cyagenzuwe aho gikoreshwa, gusimbuza imitwaro (izindi mbaga
hamwe nuburemere buhamye kandi buzwi) birashobora gukoreshwa mugusimbuza igice gisanzwe
uburemere:
Niba igipimo gisubiramo kirenze 0.3e, ubwinshi bwibipimo bisanzwe bikoreshwa bigomba kuba byibuze 1/2 cyubushobozi ntarengwa;
Niba igipimo gisubirwamo kirenze 0.2e ariko ntibirenze 0.3e, ubwinshi bwibipimo bisanzwe byakoreshejwe birashobora kugabanuka kugeza kuri 1/3 cyubushobozi ntarengwa;
Niba igipimo gisubirwamo kitarenze 0.2e, ubwinshi bwibipimo bisanzwe byakoreshejwe birashobora kugabanuka kugeza kuri 1/5 cyubushobozi ntarengwa.
Gusubiramo byavuzwe haruguru bigenwa no gukoresha umutwaro ugera kuri 1/2 cyubushobozi ntarengwa (haba uburemere busanzwe cyangwa ubundi bwoko bwose bufite uburemere buhamye) kubakira imitwaro inshuro eshatu.
Niba gusubiramo bigabanutse muri 0.2e - 0.3e / 10-15 kg, harasabwa toni 33 zose zipima uburemere. Niba gusubiramo birenze kg 15, noneho toni 50 zuburemere zirakenewe. Byaba bigoye rwose ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura kuzana toni 50 zipima kurubuga kugirango bigenzurwe. Niba toni 20 zipima uburemere gusa, hashobora gutekerezwa ko gusubiramo igipimo cya toni 100 byanze bikunze bitarenze 0.2e / 10 kg. Niba 10 kg gusubiramo bishobora kugerwaho mubyukuri birakemangwa, kandi buriwese ashobora kugira igitekerezo cyibibazo bifatika. Byongeye kandi, nubwo ingano yuburemere busanzwe bwakoreshejwe yagabanutse, imitwaro isimburwa igomba gukomeza kwiyongera, bityo umutwaro wikizamini ntigihinduka.
1. Gupima amanota
Kupima kugenzura, byibuze ingingo eshanu zitandukanye zipakurura zigomba gutoranywa. Ibi bigomba kubamo ubushobozi buke, ubushobozi ntarengwa, nuburemere bwimitwaro ijyanye nimpinduka mumakosa ntarengwa yemewe, ni ukuvuga ingingo zukuri neza: 500e na 2000e. Ku gipimo cya toni 100, aho e = 50 kg, ibi bihuye na: 500e = 25 t, 2000e = 100 t. Ingingo ya 2000e yerekana ubushobozi ntarengwa, kandi kugerageza birashobora kugorana mubikorwa. Byongeye kandi,gupima nyuma yo kurwarabisaba gusubiramo verisiyo kubintu bitanu byose biremereye. Ntugapfobye imirimo ikorwa mu ngingo eshanu zo gukurikirana - umurimo nyirizina wo gupakira no gupakurura ni ngombwa.
2. Ikizamini cyumutwaro wa Eccentric
7.5.11.2 Umutwaro udasanzwe nubuso
a) Ku munzani ufite ingingo zirenga 4 zunganira (N> 4): Umutwaro ushyirwa kuri buri ngingo yingoboka ugomba kuba uhwanye na 1 / (N - 1) yubushobozi ntarengwa. Ibipimo bigomba gukoreshwa bikurikiranye hejuru ya buri ngingo yo gushyigikirwa, mukarere kangana na 1 / N bya reseptor. Niba ingingo ebyiri zingoboka zegeranye cyane, gukoresha ikizamini nkuko byasobanuwe haruguru birashobora kugorana. Muri iki kibazo, inshuro ebyiri umutwaro urashobora gukoreshwa hejuru yikubye kabiri intera ihuza umurongo uhuza ingingo ebyiri zunganirwa.
b) Ku munzani ufite ingingo 4 cyangwa nkeya zingoboka (N ≤ 4): Umutwaro washyizweho ugomba kuba uhwanye na 1/3 cyubushobozi ntarengwa.
Ibipimo bigomba gukoreshwa bikurikiranye mugace kangana na 1/4 cya reseptor yumutwaro, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo 1 cyangwa iboneza bigereranywa n’ishusho 1.
Ku gipimo cya toni 100 gipima metero 3 × 18, mubisanzwe hari byibura selile umunani zipakurura. Kugabanya umutwaro wose uringaniye, 100 ÷ 7 ≈ 14.28 (hafi toni 14) byakenerwa gukoreshwa kuri buri ngingo. Biragoye cyane gushyira toni 14 zuburemere kuri buri ngingo. Nubwo ibipimo bishobora gutondekwa kumubiri, gupakira inshuro nyinshi no gupakurura uburemere bunini burimo akazi kenshi.
3. Kugenzura Uburyo bwo Kupakurura nuburyo bwo Gukora Ibikorwa
Urebye uburyo bwo gupakira, kugenzura umunzani wikamyo bisa nubunini buke buke. Ariko, mugihe cyo kugenzura ahapimwa ikamyo, uburemere burazamurwa kandi bugashyirwa kumurongo wapimye, bisa nuburyo bwakoreshejwe mugihe cyo gupima uruganda. Ubu buryo bwo gukoresha umutwaro buratandukanye cyane nuburyo bwo gupakira kwipimisha. Gushyira mu buryo butaziguye uburemere bwazamuye ku gipimo cyerekana ibipimo ntibishobora gutanga imbaraga zitambitse, ntibishobora kwinjiza igipimo cy’ibikoresho byo guhagarara cyangwa birebire, kandi bikagorana kumenya ingaruka ziterwa no kwinjira / gusohoka mu buryo butaziguye hamwe n’ibikoresho byo guhagarara birebire ku mpande zombi zipima ku gupima imikorere.
Mubimenyerezo, kugenzura imikorere ya metrologiya ukoresheje ubu buryo ntabwo byerekana neza imikorere mubikorwa nyabyo. Kugenzura gushingiye gusa kuri ubu buryo bwo kudahagararira uburyo bwo gupakira ntibishoboka kumenya imikorere ya metrologiya nyayo mubikorwa nyabyo.
Ukurikije JJG 539-2016Amabwiriza yo kugenzuraKuriIbipimo byerekana imibare, ukoresheje uburemere busanzwe cyangwa uburemere busanzwe wongeyeho insimburangingo kugirango ugenzure umunzani munini urimo ibibazo bikomeye, harimo: Umurimo munini, Imbaraga nyinshi, Igiciro kinini cyo gutwara abantu, Igihe kinini cyo kugenzura, Ibyago byumutekanon'ibindi.Izi ngingo zitera ingorane zitari nke zo kugenzura kurubuga. Mu mwaka wa 2011, ikigo cya Fujian Institute of Metrology cyakoze umushinga w’ibanze w’iterambere ry’ibikoresho bya siyansiGutezimbere no Gushyira mu bikorwa ibikoresho-bipima ibikoresho byo gupima umunzani. Igikoresho cyapimwe cyo gupima uburemere bwikigereranyo nigikoresho cyigenga cyigenga gifasha kugenzura cyujuje OIML R76, gishobora kugenzura neza, byihuse, kandi byoroshye kugenzura aho ariho hose hapakirwa imitwaro, harimo ibipimo byuzuye, nibindi bikoresho byo kugenzura umunzani wamakamyo. Ukurikije iki gikoresho, JJG 1118-2015Amabwiriza yo kugenzuraKuriUmunzani w'ikamyo ya elegitoronike (Uburyo bwo gupima ibikoresho)yashyizwe mu bikorwa ku mugaragaro ku ya 24 Ugushyingo 2015.
Uburyo bwombi bwo kugenzura bufite ibyiza nibibi, kandi guhitamo mubikorwa bigomba gukorwa ukurikije uko ibintu bimeze.
Ibyiza n'ibibi by'amabwiriza abiri yo kugenzura:
JJG 539-2016 Ibyiza: 1. Koresha imizigo isanzwe cyangwa iyisimbuza neza kuruta M2 icyiciro,kwemerera igabana rya umunzani w'ikamyo ya elegitoronike kugirango ugere kuri 500-10,000.2. Ibikoresho bisanzwe bifite igenzura ryumwaka umwe, kandi gukurikirana ibikoresho bisanzwe birashobora kurangizwa mugace ka komine cyangwa intara kurwego rwa metero.
Ibibi: Umurimo munini cyane wakazi hamwe nimbaraga nyinshi zakazi; Igiciro kinini cyo gupakira, gupakurura, no gutwara ibiro; Gukora neza no gukora nabi umutekano; Igihe kirekire cyo kugenzura; kubahiriza byimazeyo birashobora kugorana mubikorwa.
JJG 1118 Ibyiza: 1. Igipimo cyo gupima uburemere bwibipimo hamwe nibikoresho byacyo birashobora kujyanwa kurubuga mumodoka imwe ya axe ebyiri.2. Imbaraga nke zumurimo, ikiguzi cyo gutwara ibintu gito, kugenzura neza, imikorere myiza yumutekano, nigihe gito cyo kugenzura.3. Ntibikenewe gupakurura / gusubiramo kugirango bigenzurwe.
Ibibi: 1. Ukoresheje Ikamyo ya elegitoroniki (Uburyo bwo gupima ibikoresho)igabana ryo kugenzura rishobora kugera kuri 500–3,000 gusa.2. Igipimo cyamakamyo ya elegitoronike kigomba gushyiraho imbaraga za reaction device.3. Kubukemurampaka cyangwa kwisuzumisha kumugaragaro, kugenzura bigomba gukurikiza JJG 539 ukoresheje uburemere busanzwe nkigikoresho cyerekana. 4. Ibikoresho bisanzwe bifite igenzura ryamezi atandatu, kandi ibigo byinshi byintara cyangwa amakomine yintara ntabwo byashizeho ibimenyetso byibyo bikoresho bisanzwe; gukurikiranwa bigomba kuboneka mubigo byujuje ibyangombwa.
JJG 1118-2015 ifata igikoresho cyigenga cyo kugenzura gifasha kugenzurwa na OIML R76, kandi ikora nk'inyongera kuburyo bwo kugenzura umunzani w'amakamyo ya elegitoronike muri JJG 539-1997.Bikoreshwa kumunzani wikamyo ya elegitoronike ifite ubushobozi ntarengwa ≥ 30 t, igabana ryigenzura ≤ 3000, muburyo buciriritse cyangwa urwego rusanzwe. Ntabwo bikoreshwa mubice byinshi, intera ndende, cyangwa ikamyo yikamyo ya elegitoronike ifite ibikoresho byerekana ibikoresho.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-26-2025