Mu rwego rwa metero na kalibrasi, guhitamo uburemere bukwiye ningirakamaro kugirango harebwe ibipimo nyabyo. Byaba bikoreshwa muburyo buhanitse bwa elegitoronike iringaniza cyangwa ikoreshwa mu gupima inganda, guhitamo uburemere bukwiye ntabwo bigira ingaruka gusa ku kwizerwa kw'ibisubizo byo gupimwa ahubwo binagira ingaruka ku buryo bunoze bwo gukora no kubungabunga ibipimo. Kubwibyo, gusobanukirwa amanota atandukanye, ibyasabwe murwego, nuburyo bwo guhitamo neza uburemere bukwiye ninsanganyamatsiko ikomeye kuri buri injeniyeri wa metrology nu mukoresha ibikoresho.
I. Gutondekanya ibiro hamwe nibisabwa neza
Ibiro byashyizwe mu rwego rushingiye ku Muryango Mpuzamahanga wa Legal Metrology (OIML) bisanzwe “OIML R111”. Ukurikije iki gipimo, ibipimo byashyizwe mubyiciro byinshi kuva hejuru kugeza hejuru cyane. Buri cyiciro gifite gahunda yihariye yo gusaba hamwe nikosa ntarengwa ryemewe (MPE). Ubusobanuro bwamanota atandukanye, ubwoko bwibintu, ibidukikije bikwiranye, nibiciro biratandukanye cyane.
1. Ibyiciro by'ibiro by'ingenzi byasobanuwe
(1)Ibyiciro bya E1 na E2: Ultra-High Precision Weight
Ibipimo bya E1 na E2 biri mubyiciro bya ultra-high precision kandi bikoreshwa cyane muri laboratoire zigihugu ndetse n’amahanga. Ikosa ntarengwa ryemewe kuburemere bwa E1 mubusanzwe ni ± 0.5 miligarama, mugihe uburemere bwa E2 bufite MPE ya miligarama 1.6. Ibipimisho bikoreshwa muburyo bukomeye bwo kwanduza kandi bikunze kuboneka muri laboratoire, ibigo byubushakashatsi, hamwe nuburyo bwo guhitamo ubuziranenge bwigihugu. Bitewe nukuri gukabije, uburemere busanzwe bukoreshwa muguhindura ibikoresho neza nkibipimo byisesengura hamwe nuburinganire.
(2)Ibyiciro bya F1 na F2: Uburemere Bukuru
Ibipimo bya F1 na F2 bikoreshwa cyane muri laboratoire zisobanutse neza no mubigo byipima metero byemewe n'amategeko. Zikoreshwa cyane cyane muguhuza ibipimo bya elegitoroniki bihanitse, impirimbanyi zisesenguye, nibindi bikoresho bipima neza. Ibipimo bya F1 bifite ikosa ntarengwa rya mill 5 miligarama, mugihe uburemere bwa F2 bwemerewe ikosa rya miligarama 16. Ibipimo bisanzwe bikoreshwa mubushakashatsi bwa siyanse, gusesengura imiti, hamwe no kugenzura ubuziranenge, aho bisabwa gukenera neza ariko ntibikomeye nkamanota ya E1 na E2.
(3)Icyiciro cya M1, M2, na M3: Uburemere bwinganda nubucuruzi
Ibipimo bya M1, M2, na M3 mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mubikorwa byinganda no mubucuruzi. Birakwiriye guhinduranya umunzani munini winganda, ibipimo byamakamyo, umunzani wa platifomu, nubunzani bwa elegitoroniki. Ibipimo bya M1 bifite ikosa ryemewe rya miligarama 50, uburemere bwa M2 bufite ikosa rya miligarama 160, naho uburemere bwa M3 butanga ikosa rya miligarama 500. Ibipimo by'uruhererekane M bikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa bisanzwe byinganda n’ibikoresho, aho ibisabwa byuzuye biri hasi, mubisanzwe mugupima ibicuruzwa byinshi nibicuruzwa.
2. Guhitamo Ibikoresho: Ibyuma bitagira umuyonga na Shira Ibiro
Ibikoresho byuburemere bigira ingaruka ku buryo burambye, biramba, kandi bikwiranye na porogaramu zitandukanye. Ibikoresho bikunze kugaragara kuburemere ni ibyuma bitagira umwanda hamwe nicyuma, buri kimwe kibereye kubipimo bitandukanye byo gupima nibidukikije.
(1)Ibiro bidafite ibyuma:
Ibiro bidafite ibyuma bitanga imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa hamwe nubukanishi buhebuje, hamwe nubuso bworoshye byoroshye koza. Bitewe nuburinganire bwabo hamwe nuburinganire, uburemere bwibyuma nibyiza nibyiza bya E1, E2, F1, na F2 kandi bikoreshwa cyane mubipimo byuzuye hamwe nubushakashatsi. Ibipimo biramba kandi birashobora kugumana ukuri kwabyo mugihe kirekire mubidukikije bigenzurwa.
(2)Shira Ibiro Byuma:
Ibipimo by'ibyuma bisanzwe bikoreshwa mu byiciro bya M1, M2, na M3 kandi bikunze kugaragara mu gupima inganda no mu bucuruzi. Igiciro-cyiza hamwe nubucucike bwinshi bwibyuma bikozwe mubikoresho bikwiranye nuburemere bunini bukoreshwa muburemere bwamakamyo nibikoresho bipima inganda. Nyamara, uburemere bw'icyuma bukunda kugira ubuso butagaragara, bukunze kwibasirwa na okiside no kwanduza, bityo bigasaba kubungabungwa no gukora isuku buri gihe.
II.Uburyo bwo Guhitamo Ibipimo Byukuri
Mugihe uhisemo uburemere bukwiye, ugomba gusuzuma ibyasabwe, ibisabwa neza mubikoresho, hamwe nuburyo bwihariye bwibidukikije. Dore ibyifuzo bimwe mubisanzwe:
1. Laboratoire ya Ultra-High Precision:
Niba porogaramu yawe irimo kwanduza cyane, tekereza gukoresha uburemere bwa E1 cyangwa E2. Ibi nibyingenzi muburyo bwa Calibibasique yubuziranenge hamwe nibikoresho bya siyansi bihanitse.
2. Impuzandengo-Yibanze ya elegitoronike nuburinganire bwisesengura:
Ibipimo bya F1 cyangwa F2 bizaba bihagije muguhindura ibikoresho, cyane cyane mubice nka chimie na farumasi aho bisabwa neza.
3. Ibipimo by'inganda n'ibipimo by'ubucuruzi:
Ku munzani winganda, uburemere bwikamyo, nubunzani bunini bwa elegitoronike, uburemere bwa M1, M2, cyangwa M3 burakwiriye. Ibiro byapimwe kubipimo bisanzwe byinganda, hamwe namakosa manini yemewe.
III.Kubungabunga Ibiro hamwe na Calibibasi
Ndetse hamwe nuburemere buringaniye, imikoreshereze yigihe kirekire, ihinduka ryibidukikije, hamwe no gufata nabi birashobora gutuma habaho itandukaniro mubyukuri. Kubwibyo, kalibrasi isanzwe no kuyitaho ni ngombwa:
1. Kubungabunga buri munsi:
Irinde guhura nuburemere kugirango wirinde amavuta nibihumanya kugira ingaruka kubutaka bwabo. Birasabwa gukoresha umwenda wihariye kugirango uhanagure buhoro buhoro ibiro hanyuma ubibike ahantu humye, hatarimo umukungugu kugirango hirindwe ubushuhe n ivumbi kugirango bihindure neza.
2. Guhindura bisanzwe:
Guhinduranya bisanzwe ni ngombwa mugukomeza uburemere bwibiro. Ibipimo bihanitse cyane mubisanzwe bigomba guhindurwa buri mwaka, mugihe uburemere bwa M bukoreshwa mugupima inganda nabwo bugomba guhindurwa buri mwaka cyangwa igice cyumwaka kugirango barebe ko bujuje ubuziranenge.
3. Ibigo byemewe bya Calibibasi:
Ni ngombwa guhitamo serivise yemewe ya kalibrasi yemewe hamwe na ISO / IEC 17025 byemewe, byemeza ko ibisubizo bya kalibrasi byakurikiranwa mumahanga. Byongeye kandi, gushiraho kalibrasi yinyandiko zirashobora gufasha gukurikirana impinduka zuzuye muburemere no kugabanya ingaruka zo gupimwa.
Umwanzuro
Ibiro ni ibikoresho byingenzi mugupima no guhinduranya, kandi amanota yukuri, ibikoresho, hamwe nurwego rushyira mubikorwa byerekana imikorere yabyo mubice bitandukanye. Muguhitamo uburemere bukwiye bushingiye kubyo ukeneye kandi ugakurikiza uburyo bukwiye bwo kubungabunga no kugenzura, urashobora kwemeza ukuri no kwizerwa mubikorwa byo gupima. Kuva kuri E1, E2 kugeza kuri M urukurikirane rwibipimo, buri cyiciro gifite gahunda yihariye yo gusaba. Mugihe uhisemo uburemere, ugomba gusuzuma byimazeyo ibisabwa, ubwoko bwibikoresho, nibidukikije kugirango wizere ibisubizo bipimishije bihamye mugihe kirekire.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-26-2025