Ibipimo bikoreshwa mu kwishyurana mu bucuruzi bishyirwa mu byiciro by'ibipimo bigomba kwemezwa n'igihugu hakurikijwe amategeko. Ibi birimo ibipimo by'imashini, ibipimo bito by'intebe, ibipimo bya platifomu, n'ibicuruzwa by'ibipimo by'amakamyo. Ibipimo byose bikoreshwa mu kwishyurana mu bucuruzi bigomba kwemezwa ku ngufu; bitabaye ibyo, ibihano bishobora gutangwa. Igenzura rikorwa hakurikijweJJG 539-2016Amabwiriza yo kugenzurakuriIbipimo byerekana ikoranabuhanga, bishobora no gukoreshwa mu kugenzura iminzani y'ikamyo. Ariko, hari irindi tegeko ry'igenzura ryihariye ku minzani y'ikamyo rishobora kwitabwaho:JJG 1118-2015Amabwiriza yo kugenzurakuriikoranabuhangaIbipimo by'amakamyo(Uburyo bwo gushyiramo amakuru kuri telefoni)Guhitamo hagati y’ibyo byombi biterwa n’uko ibintu bimeze koko, nubwo akenshi igenzura rikorwa hakurikijwe JJG 539-2016.
Muri JJG 539-2016, ibisobanuro by'ibipimo ni ibi bikurikira:
Muri iri tegeko, ijambo "igipimo" ryerekeza ku bwoko bw'igikoresho cyo gupima kidakoresha ikoranabuhanga (NAWI).
Ihame: Iyo umutwaro ushyizwe kuri receptor y'umutwaro, sensor yo gupima (akazu k'umutwaro) ikora ikimenyetso cy'amashanyarazi. Icyo kimenyetso gihindurwa kigatunganywa n'igikoresho gitunganya amakuru, hanyuma igisubizo cyo gupima kikagaragazwa n'igikoresho cyerekana.
Imiterere: Igipimo kigizwe na receptor y'umutwaro, akaremangingo k'umutwaro, n'ikimenyetso cyo gupima. Gishobora kuba cyubatswe mu buryo buhuriweho cyangwa cyubatswe mu buryo buhuriweho.
Porogaramu: Iyi minzani ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gupima no gupima ibicuruzwa, kandi ikoreshwa cyane mu bucuruzi bw'ubucuruzi, ibyambu, ibibuga by'indege, ububiko n'ibikoresho, ikoranabuhanga ry'ibyuma, ndetse no mu nganda.
Ubwoko bw'ibipimo byerekana ikoranabuhanga: Ibipimo by'intebe n'ibipimo bya platform (byitwa ibipimo bya platform/platform bya electronic), birimo: Ibipimo by'ibiciro n'ibaruramari, Iminzani yo gupima gusa, Ibipimo bya Barcode, Iminzani yo kubara, Ibipimo by'ibice byinshi, Ibipimo by'intera nyinshi n'ibindi;Ibipimo bya crane by'ikoranabuhanga, birimo: Iminzani y'ifatizo, Iminzani y'ingofero imanitse, Iminzani y'imashini zigenda hejuru y'imodoka, Ibipimo bya Monorail n'ibindi;Ibipimo by'ikoranabuhanga bidahinduka, birimo: Ibipimo by'ikoranabuhanga, Ibipimo bya elegitoroniki bishyirwa ku buso, Ibipimo by'icyuma gipima amashanyarazi n'ibindi.
Nta gushidikanya ko ibikoresho binini byo gupima nk'ibipimo by'ibice cyangwa ibipimo by'imodoka biri mu cyiciro cy'ibipimo by'ikoranabuhanga bidahinduka, bityo bikaba bishobora kwemezwa hakurikijweAmabwiriza yo kugenzurakuriIbipimo byerekana ikoranabuhanga(JJG 539-2016). Ku bipimo bito, gupakira no gupakurura uburemere busanzwe biroroshye cyane. Ariko, ku bipimo binini bifite uburebure bwa metero 3 × 18 cyangwa bifite ubushobozi burenga toni 100, gukora biragorana cyane. Gukurikiza neza inzira zo kugenzura za JJG 539 bitera imbogamizi zikomeye, kandi bimwe mu bisabwa bishobora kuba bidashoboka gushyira mu bikorwa. Ku bipimo by'ikamyo, kugenzura imikorere ya metrologiya ahanini bikubiyemo ibintu bitanu: Ubuziranenge bwo gushyiraho ntarengwa no kuba nyabyo., Umutwaro udasanzwe (umutwaro utari hagati), Gupima, Gupima ibiro nyuma y'umukara, Ingano yo gusubiramo no gutandukanya. Muri ibyo, umutwaro udasanzwe, gupima, gupima nyuma y’ibirori, no gusubiramo bifata igihe kinini.Iyo inzira zikurikije amabwiriza yose, bishobora kudashoboka kurangiza kugenzura umunzani umwe w’ikamyo mu munsi umwe. Nubwo gusubirwamo ari byiza, bigatuma uburemere bw’ibipimo bigabanuka kandi igice cy’ibipimo kikagabanuka, inzira iracyari ingorabahizi cyane.
7.1 Ibikoresho Bisanzwe byo Kugenzura
7.1.1 Ibipimo bisanzwe
7.1.1.1 Ibipimo bisanzwe bikoreshwa mu kugenzura bigomba kubahiriza ibisabwa mu gupima byavuzwe muri JG99, kandi amakosa yabyo ntagomba kurenza 1/3 cy'ikosa ntarengwa ryemewe ku mutwaro ujyanye nabyo nk'uko bivugwa mu mbonerahamwe ya 3.
7.1.1.2 Umubare w'uburemere busanzwe ugomba kuba uhagije kugira ngo huzuzwe ibisabwa mu kugenzura igipimo.
7.1.1.3 Hagomba gutangwa izindi buremere busanzwe kugira ngo bukoreshwe hamwe n'uburyo bwo gushyiramo umutwaro mu buryo bunyuranyije n'igihe kugira ngo hakurweho amakosa yo kuzunguruka.
7.1.2 Gusimbuza ibiro bisanzwe
Iyo igipimo cyemejwe aho gikoreshwa, simbura ibindi bipimo (ibindi bipimo
hamwe n'ibiremereye bihamye kandi bizwi) bishobora gukoreshwa mu gusimbuza igice cy'ibipimo ngenderwaho
uburemere:
Iyo ubushobozi bwo gusubiramo igipimo burenze 0.3e, uburemere bw'uburemere busanzwe bukoreshwa bugomba kuba nibura 1/2 cy'ubushobozi ntarengwa bw'igipimo;
Iyo ubushobozi bwo gusubiramo igipimo burenze 0.2e ariko ntiburenze 0.3e, uburemere bw'uburemere busanzwe bukoreshwa bushobora kugabanywa bukagera kuri 1/3 cy'ubushobozi ntarengwa bw'igipimo;
Iyo ubushobozi bwo gusubiramo igipimo butarenze 0.2e, uburemere bw'uburemere busanzwe bukoreshwa bushobora kugabanuka bukagera kuri 1/5 cy'ubushobozi ntarengwa bw'igipimo.
Gusubiramo byavuzwe haruguru bigaragazwa no gushyira umutwaro ungana na 1/2 cy'ubushobozi ntarengwa bwo gupima (bwaba uburemere busanzwe cyangwa ubundi buremere buhamye) kuri receptor y'umutwaro inshuro eshatu.
Iyo ubushobozi bwo gusubiramo buri hagati ya 0.2e–0.3e / 10–15 kg, hakenewe toni 33 z'uburemere busanzwe. Iyo ubushobozi bwo gusubiramo burenga kg 15, hakenewe toni 50 z'uburemere. Byagorana cyane ku kigo gishinzwe kugenzura kuzana toni 50 z'uburemere aho hantu kugira ngo harebwe igipimo. Iyo hazanywe toni 20 gusa z'uburemere, bishobora gufatwa ko ubushobozi bwo gusubiramo igipimo cya toni 100 butarenze kg 0.2e / 10. Niba ubushobozi bwo gusubiramo kg 10 bushobora kugerwaho koko birashidikanywaho, kandi buri wese ashobora kumenya imbogamizi zifatika. Byongeye kandi, nubwo uburemere bwose bw'uburemere busanzwe bukoreshwa bwagabanutse, imitwaro y'inyongera igomba kongera uko bikwiye, bityo umutwaro wose w'igeragezwa ntuhinduka.
1. Gupima amanota yo gupima
Mu kugenzura uburemere, nibura ingingo eshanu zitandukanye zigomba gutoranywa. Izi ngingo zigomba kuba zirimo ubushobozi buke bw'igipimo, ubushobozi buke bw'igipimo, n'agaciro k'umutwaro gahuye n'impinduka mu ikosa riremereye cyane, ni ukuvuga ingingo ziciriritse z'ubuziranenge: 500e na 2000e. Ku gipimo cy'ikamyo cya toni 100, aho e = 50 kg, ibi bihuye na: 500e = 25 t, 2000e = 100 t. Ingingo ya 2000e igaragaza ubushobozi ntarengwa bwo gupima, kandi kuyigerageza bishobora kugorana mu bikorwa. Byongeye kandi,gupima ibiro nyuma y'umukarabisaba gusubiramo igenzura ku ngingo eshanu zose zirekurwa. Ntugasuzugure umutwaro w'akazi ukoreshwa mu ngingo eshanu zo kugenzura—akazi nyako ko gupakira no gupakurura ni gakomeye cyane.
2. Ikizamini cy'umutwaro udasanzwe
7.5.11.2 Umutwaro n'agace by'umubyimba wihariye
a) Ku bipimo bifite ingingo zirenga 4 zo gushyigikira (N > 4): Umutwaro ushyirwa kuri buri ngingo yo gushyigikira ugomba kungana na 1/(N–1) y'ubushobozi ntarengwa bwo gupima. Ibiremereye bigomba gushyirwa hejuru ya buri ngingo yo gushyigikira bikurikirana, mu gace kangana na 1/N y'umutwaro wo kwakira imizigo. Iyo ingingo ebyiri zishyigikira zegeranye cyane, gukoresha ikizamini nk'uko byasobanuwe haruguru bishobora kugorana. Muri iki gihe, gukuba kabiri umutwaro bishobora gushyirwa ku gace kangana n'intera ingana n'inshuro ebyiri ku murongo uhuza ingingo ebyiri zishyigikira.
b) Ku bipimo bifite ingingo 4 cyangwa nkeya zo gushyigikira (N ≤ 4): Umutwaro ukoreshwa ugomba kungana na 1/3 cy'ubushobozi ntarengwa bwo gupima.
Ibiremereye bigomba gushyirwa mu buryo bukurikiranye mu gace kangana na 1/4 cya receiver y'umutwaro, nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 1 cyangwa imiterere ingana na Ishusho ya 1.
Ku gipimo cya toni 100 cy'ikamyo ifite metero 3 × 18, ubusanzwe haba hari nibura utuzu umunani tw'imizigo. Kugira ngo ugabanye umuzigo wose ku buryo bungana, toni 100 ÷ 7 ≈ 14.28 (hafi toni 14) byakenerwa gushyirwa kuri buri gice cy'imizigo. Biragoye cyane gushyira toni 14 z'imizigo kuri buri gice cy'imizigo. Nubwo uburemere bushobora gushyirwa mu byiciro, gupakira no gupakurura ibintu bikomeye nk'ibyo kenshi bisaba umutwaro munini.
3. Uburyo bwo kugenzura uburyo bwo gushyiramo ibicuruzwa ugereranije n'uburyo bwo gushyiramo ibicuruzwa mu buryo nyabwo
Ukurikije uburyo bwo gupakira, kugenzura iminzani y'ikamyo bisa n'iby'iminzani y'imodoka ntoya. Ariko, mu gihe cyo kugenzura iminzani y'ikamyo aho ikorerwa, uburemere bukunze kuzamurwa bugashyirwa ku rubuga rw'iminzani, kimwe n'uburyo bukoreshwa mu igeragezwa ry'uruganda. Ubu buryo bwo gukoresha umutwaro butandukanye cyane n'uburyo umunzani w'ikamyo ukorwa. Gushyira iminzani ku rubuga rw'iminzani mu buryo butaziguye ntibitanga imbaraga z'uburinzi, ntibihuza ibikoresho byo ku ruhande cyangwa byo ku ruhande rw'umunzani, kandi bigatuma bigorana kubona ingaruka z'inzira zijya/zo gusohoka n'ibikoresho byo ku ruhande rw'umunzani ku mpera zombi z'umunzani ku mikorere y'uburemere.
Mu by’ukuri, kugenzura imikorere ya metrologiya hakoreshejwe ubu buryo ntabwo bigaragaza neza imikorere mu mikorere nyayo. Igenzura rishingiye gusa kuri ubu buryo bwo gupakira ibintu butari ubuhagarariye ntabwo rishobora kugaragaza imikorere nyayo ya metrologiya mu mikorere nyayo.
Dukurikije JJG 539-2016Amabwiriza yo kugenzurakuriIbipimo byerekana ikoranabuhanga, gukoresha ibiro bisanzwe cyangwa ibiro bisanzwe hamwe n'ibindi bisimbura kugira ngo harebwe ibipimo binini bifite ubushobozi bunini bikubiyemo imbogamizi zikomeye, zirimo: Umushahara munini, Ingufu nyinshi z'abakozi, Ikiguzi cyo gutwara ibintu biremereye kiri hejuru, Igihe kirekire cyo kugenzura, Ingaruka z'umutekanon'ibindi.Ibi bintu bitera ingorane zikomeye mu kugenzura aho ibintu bikorerwa. Mu 2011, Ikigo cya Fujian Institute of Metrology cyatangije umushinga w’igihugu wo guteza imbere ibikoresho by’ingenzi bya siyansiGuteza imbere no gukoresha ibikoresho bipima imizigo neza cyane mu gupima iminzaniIgikoresho cyo gupima umutwaro cyakozwe ni igikoresho cyigenga cyo kugenzura gikurikiza OIML R76, gifasha kugenzura neza, byihuse, kandi byoroshye ahantu hose ho gupimisha, harimo n'ibikoresho byose byo kugenzura iminzani y'imodoka zikoresha ikoranabuhanga. Hashingiwe kuri iki gikoresho, JJG 1118-2015Amabwiriza yo kugenzurakuriIbipimo by'imodoka zikoresha ikoranabuhanga (Uburyo bwo gupima imizigo)yashyizwe mu bikorwa ku mugaragaro ku ya 24 Ugushyingo 2015.
Uburyo bwombi bwo kugenzura bufite ibyiza n'ibibi byabwo, kandi guhitamo mu buryo bufatika bigomba gukorwa hashingiwe ku mimerere nyayo.
Ibyiza n'ibibi by'amabwiriza abiri yo kugenzura:
JJG 539-2016 Ibyiza: 1. Ikoresha imizigo isanzwe cyangwa ibisimbura kurusha icyiciro cya M2,kwemerera ishami rishinzwe kugenzura iminzani y'amakamyo y'ikoranabuhanga igera kuri 500–10.000.2. Ibikoresho bisanzwe bigira ukwezi kw'igenzura, kandi gukurikirana ibipimo bisanzwe bishobora gukorwa mu bigo by'igenzura ry'ibiciro ku rwego rw'umujyi cyangwa akarere.
Ibibi: Umushahara munini cyane kandi akazi gakomeye cyane; Ikiguzi kinini cyo gupakira, gupakurura no gutwara imizigo; Umusaruro muke n'imikorere mibi y'umutekano; Igihe kirekire cyo kugenzura; gukurikiza amabwiriza neza bishobora kugorana mu bikorwa.
JJG 1118 Ibyiza: 1. Igikoresho cyo gupima umutwaro w’ibipimo n’ibindi bikoresho byacyo bishobora kujyanwa aho byakorewe mu modoka imwe ifite axle ebyiri.2. Ingufu z'abakozi ni nke, ikiguzi gito cyo gutwara imizigo, imikorere myiza yo kugenzura, umutekano ugenda neza, n'igihe gito cyo kugenzura.3. Nta mpamvu yo gupakurura/gusubizamo amakuru kugira ngo igenzurwe.
Ibibi: 1. Hakoreshejwe Igipimo cy'imodoka zikoresha ikoranabuhanga (Uburyo bwo gupima imizigo),ishami rigenzura rishobora kugera kuri 500–3,000 gusa.2. Igipimo cy'ikamyo y'ikoranabuhanga kigomba gushyiraho igikoresho cy'imbaraga zo gukorae (umurabyo wa cantilever) uhujwe n'inkuta (zaba inkuta zihamye za sima cyangwa inkuta z'icyuma zimukanwa).3. Ku bijyanye n'ubukemurampaka cyangwa isuzuma ryemewe, igenzura rigomba gukurikiza JJG 539 hakoreshejwe uburemere busanzwe nk'igikoresho cy'ibanze. 4. Ibikoresho bisanzwe bifite ukwezi kw'igenzura ry'amezi atandatu, kandi ibigo byinshi by'ibipimo by'intara cyangwa iby'umujyi ntabwo byagaragaje uburyo ibi bikoresho bisanzwe bikurikiranwa; uburyo bwo gukurikirana bugomba kuboneka mu bigo byujuje ibisabwa.
JJG 1118-2015 ikoresha igikoresho cyigenga cyo kugenzura gisabwa na OIML R76, kandi ikora nk'inyongera ku buryo bwo kugenzura iminzani y'imodoka zikoresha ikoranabuhanga muri JJG 539-1997.Ikoreshwa ku minzani y'ikamyo y'ikoranabuhanga ifite ubushobozi ntarengwa bwa ≥ 30 t, ishami ryo kugenzura ≤ 3.000, ku rwego rwo hagati cyangwa ku rwego rusanzwe rw'ubuziranenge. Ntibikoreshwa ku bipimo by'imodoka zitwara abantu benshi, izikoresha ikoranabuhanga rinini, cyangwa izikoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-26-2025