A akazu ko gushyiramo ibintumu by'ukuri ni igikoresho gihindura ikimenyetso cy'umubare munini kikavamo amashanyarazi ashobora gupimwa. Iyo ukoreshejeakazu ko gushyiramo ibintu, aho akazi gakorerwaakazu ko gushyiramo ibintu bigomba kubanza gusuzumwa, ibyo bikaba ari ingenzi kugira ngo hatoranywe nezaakazu ko gushyiramo ibintuBifitanye isano no kumenya nibaakazu ko gushyiramo ibintu ishobora gukora neza, umutekano wayo n'igihe ikora, ndetse n'ubwirinzi n'umutekano by'igikoresho cyose gipima.
Ingaruka z'ibidukikije kuakazu ko gushyiramo ibintu ahanini ikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:
(1) Ubushyuhe bwinshi butera ibibazo nko gushonga kw'ibikoresho byo gusiga, gusudira impande zombi, n'impinduka mu miterere y'imbaraga z'imbere za elastomer.akazu ko gushyiramo ibintus ikora ahantu hashyushye cyane, ubushyuhe bwinshiakazu ko gushyiramo ibintuIbikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa; byongeye kandi, ibikoresho nk'ubushyuhe bukingira, gukonjesha amazi cyangwa gukonjesha umwuka bigomba kongerwamo.
(2) Ingaruka z'umukungugu n'ubushuhe ku muyoboro mugufi w'amaziakazu ko gushyiramo ibintuMuri iki kibazo cy’ibidukikije,akazu ko gushyiramo ibintu hamwe n'umuvuduko mwinshiumwuka-gufungana bigomba gutorwa. Bitandukanyeakazu ko gushyiramo ibintubafite uburyo butandukanye bwo gufunga, kandiumwuka-gufungana biratandukanye cyane.
Ibyuma bikunze gukoreshwa birimo kuzuza cyangwa gusiga irangi; udupapuro twa rubber dufatanywa kandi tugafungwa neza; gusudira (argon arc welding, plasma beam welding) n'ibyuma bifunga nitrogen byuzuyemo vacuum.
Ku bijyanye n'ingaruka zo gufunga, gufunga byo gusudira ni byo byiza cyane, naho gufunga byo kuzuza no gusiga ni byo bike cyane.akazu ko gushyiramo ibintubikora ahantu hasukuye kandi humutse mu nzu, ushobora guhitamo kole ifunze nezaakazu ko gushyiramo ibintu, kandi kuri bamweakazu ko gushyiramo ibintubikora ahantu hashyushye kandi hari ivumbi, ugomba guhitamo agafunga gashyushya ka diaphragm cyangwa agafunga gafunga ka diaphragm, gatuma umwuka wuzuye azote.akazu ko gushyiramo ibintu.
(3) Mu bidukikije byangiza cyane, nk'ubushuhe na aside, byangiza elastomer cyangwa bigatera umuvuduko muke, ubuso bwo hanze bugomba gusukwaho cyane cyangwa bugashyirwamobitwikiriwe naicyuma kidashonga, gifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese kandi cyizagufunga umwuka.
(4) Ingaruka z'umurima wa elegitoroniki kuloaakagari ka d ikimenyetso cy'ikibazo cy'umusaruro. Muri iki gihe, uburinzi bwaloaakagari ka d bigomba kugenzurwa neza kugira ngo harebwe niba bifite ubudahangarwa bwiza bwa elegitoroniki.
(5) Ishobora gushya kandi igaturika ntabwo yangiza gusaakazu ko gushyiramo ibintu, ariko kandi bibangamira cyane ibindi bikoresho n'umutekano w'umuntu ku giti cye. Kubera iyo mpamvu,akazu ko gushyiramo ibintuGukora ahantu hashobora gushya no guturika bitanga ibisabwa byinshi kugira ngo hatabaho guturika: kwirinda guturikaakazu ko gushyiramo ibintus zigomba gutoranywa ahantu hashobora gushya no guturika. Igipfukisho cyo gufunga cy'iyiakazu ko gushyiramo ibintu ntabwo igomba gusuzuma gusagufunga umwuka, ariko nanone imbaraga zidashobora guturika, kimwe n'imiterere y'insinga zirinda amazi, zidashobora guhumeka no guturika bigomba kuzirikanwa.
Icya kabiri, guhitamo umubare n'urwego rwaakazu ko gushyiramo ibintus.
Guhitamo umubare waakazu ko gushyiramo ibintus igenwa hakurikijwe intego y'igikoresho gipima ikoranabuhanga n'umubare w'ingingo umubiri w'igipimo ukeneye gushyigikira (umubare w'ingingo zishyigikira ugomba kugenwa hakurikijwe ihame ryo gutuma urwego rw'uburemere rw'umubiri w'igipimo ruhura n'urwego rw'uburemere nyakuri). Muri rusange, byinshiakazu ko gushyiramo ibintus zikoreshwa ku mubiri w'igipimo ufite ingingo nyinshi ziwushyigikira. Ariko, ku miterere imwe yihariye nk'imigero y'ikoranabuhanga, imwe gusaakazu ko gushyiramo ibintu ishobora gukoreshwa. Kuri bamwemu buryo bw'amashanyarazi ibipimo bihuriweho, guhitamoakazu ko gushyiramo ibintu bigomba kugenwa hakurikijwe uko ibintu bimeze koko.
Amahitamo yaakazu ko gushyiramo ibintu urwego rushobora kugenwa hakurikijwe isuzuma ryimbitse ry'ibintu nk'agaciro ntarengwa k'umunzani, umubare w'ibyatoranijweakazu ko gushyiramo ibintus, uburemere bw'umubiri w'umunzani, umutwaro ntarengwa ushoboka woroshye hamwe n'umutwaro uhindagurika. Muri rusange, uko urwego rw'imirongo rurushaho kwegerezaakazu ko gushyiramo ibintu ni ku mutwaro wahawe buri weseakazu ko gushyiramo ibintu, uko uburemere bwayo buzaba bwiza kurushaho. Ariko, mu ikoreshwa nyaryo, kubera ko umutwaro ushyirwa kuriakazu ko gushyiramo ibintu harimo uburemere bwite, uburemere bw'ikintu, umutwaro udasanzwe n'ingaruka z'umunzani w'ikintu ugomba gupimwa, hari ibintu byinshi bigomba kwitabwaho mu guhitamoakazu ko gushyiramo ibintu urwego rwo kwemeza koakazu ko gushyiramo ibintu umutekano n'ubuzima burambye.
Ifishi yo kubara yaakazu ko gushyiramo ibintu urwego rugenwa binyuze mu bushakashatsi bwinshi nyuma yo gusuzuma byimazeyo ibintu bitandukanye bigira ingaruka ku mubiri w’igipimo.
Ifishi ni iyi ikurikira:
C=K-0K-1K-2K-3(Wmax+W)/N
C—urwego rw'itsinda rimwe ruhabwa amanotaakazu ko gushyiramo ibintuW—uburemere bw'umubiri w'umunzani; Wmax—agaciro ntarengwa k'uburemere bw'ikintu kiri gupimwa; N—umubare w'ingingo zishyigikira zikoreshwa n'umubiri w'igipimo; K-0—ubwishingizi, muri rusange buri hagati ya 1.2 na 1.3; K-1—igipimo cy'ingaruka; K-2—igipimo cy'uburemere hagati y'igipimo cy'umubiri; K-3—igipimo cy'umuvuduko w'umuyaga.
Urugero: umunzani w'ikamyo y'ikoranabuhanga wa toni 30, uburemere ntarengwa ni toni 30, uburemere bw'umubiri ni toni 1.9, hakoreshejwe enyeakazu ko gushyiramo ibintus, ukurikije uko ibintu byari bimeze icyo gihe, hitamo ubwishingizi K-0 = 1.25, ingano y'ingaruka K-1 = 1.18, Ikigo cy'ubwikorezi gishingiye ku gipimo cya K-2—=1.03, igipimo cy'umuvuduko w'umuyaga K-3 =1.02, gerageza kumenya toni z'umuvudukoakazu ko gushyiramo ibintu.
Igisubizo: Kubara formula ukurikijeakazu ko gushyiramo ibintu urwego:
C=K-0K-1K-2K-3(Wmax+W)/N
Birazwi ko:
C = 1.25×1.18×1.03×1.02×(30+1.9)/4
= 12.36t
Bityo rero,akazu ko gushyiramo ibintu ifite toni 15 ishobora gutoranywa (ingano ya toniakazu ko gushyiramo ibintu muri rusange ni 10T, 15T, 20t, 25t, 30t, 40t, 50t, nibindi, keretse iyo byatumijwe byumwihariko).
Dukurikije ubunararibonye,akazu ko gushyiramo ibintu muri rusange igomba gukora hagati ya 30% na 70% by'urugero rwayo, ariko ku bikoresho bimwe na bimwe bipima bifite imbaraga nyinshi mu gihe cyo kuyikoresha, nk'ibipimo bya gari ya moshi bihindagurika, ibipimo by'ikamyo bihindagurika, ibipimo by'icyuma, nibindi, mu gihe cyo guhitamoakazu ko gushyiramo ibintus, Muri rusange, ni ngombwa kwagura urwego rwabyo, kugira ngoakazu ko gushyiramo ibintu ikora hagati ya 20% na 30% by'urugero rwayo, ku buryo ingano y'ibipimo byaakazu ko gushyiramo ibintu yongerewe kugira ngo umutekano n'ubuzima bw'umuturage bikomeze kuba byizaakazu ko gushyiramo ibintu.
Ongera utekereze ku ikoreshwa rya buri bwoko bwaakazu ko gushyiramo ibintu.
Amahitamo yaakazu ko gushyiramo ibintu Ubwoko bushingiye ahanini ku bwoko bw'ibipimo n'aho bishyirwa kugira ngo harebwe ko bishyirwa neza kandi bipimwe neza kandi byizewe; ku rundi ruhande, inama z'uwabikoze zigomba kwitabwaho. Muri rusange abakora ibikoresho bagena aho bishyirwa mu bikorwa.akazu ko gushyiramo ibintu hakurikijwe imbaraga zaakazu ko gushyiramo ibintu, ibimenyetso by'imikorere, imiterere y'aho ishyirwa, ubwoko bw'imiterere, n'ibikoresho bya elastomer. Urugero, icyuma gikingira icyuma cya aluminiyumuakazu ko gushyiramo ibintus zikwiriye iminzani y'ibiciro, iminzani ya platform, iminzani y'isanduku, n'ibindi; icyuma cya Cantilever beamakazu ko gushyiramo ibintus zikwiriye iminzani ya hopper, iminzani y'umukandara w'ikoranabuhanga, iminzani yo gutondekanya, nibindi; ikiraro cy'icyumaakazu ko gushyiramo ibintus zikwiriye iminzani ya gari ya moshi, iminzani y'ikamyo, iminzani ya crane, nibindi; inkingiakazu ko gushyiramo ibintus zikwiriye iminzani y'ikamyo, iminzani ya gari ya moshi ihindagurika, n'iminzani minini ya hopper. Tegereza.
Amaherezo, hari amahitamo yaakazu ko gushyiramo ibintu icyiciro cy'ubunyangamugayo.
Urwego rw'ubunyangamugayoakazu ko gushyiramo ibintu ikubiyemo ibipimo bya tekiniki nkaakazu ko gushyiramo ibintu's nonlinearity, creep, creep recovery, hysteresis, repetibility, na sensitivity. Mu guhitamoakazu ko gushyiramo ibintus, ntugakurikire gusa ibintu byo mu rwego rwo hejuruakazu ko gushyiramo ibintus, ariko tekereza kuzuza ibisabwa ku minzani y'ikoranabuhanga n'ikiguzi cyayo.
Amahitamo yaakazu ko gushyiramo ibintu ishuri rigomba kuba ryujuje ibisabwa bibiri bikurikira:
1. Yujuje ibisabwa mu kwinjiza igikoresho. Igikoresho cyo kwerekana ibiro cyerekana umusaruro w'ibipimo nyuma yo gutunganya ikimenyetso cy'ibisohoka byaakazu ko gushyiramo ibintu binyuze mu kongera imbaraga no guhindura A/D. Bityo rero, ikimenyetso cy'umusaruro waakazu ko gushyiramo ibintu igomba kuba nini cyangwa ingana n'ingano y'ikimenyetso cyinjiye gisabwa na meter, ni ukuvuga ubushobozi bwo gusohoraakazu ko gushyiramo ibintu bisimbuzwa na formula ihuye na yoakazu ko gushyiramo ibintu n'ikimenyetso, kandi ibisubizo by'ibarura bigomba kuba biruta cyangwa bingana n'ubushobozi bw'ibyinjira busabwa na kimenyetso.
Uburyo bwo guhuzaakazu ko gushyiramo ibintu n'igipimo:
Lakagari ka oad ubushobozi bwo gusohora * ingufu zishyuha * uburemere ntarengwa bw'igipimo
Umubare w'ibyiciro by'ibipimo * umubare waakazu ko gushyiramo ibintus * urwego rw'ibiakazu ko gushyiramo ibintu
Urugero: igipimo cy'ubunini bw'ibipaki gipima ibiro 25, umubare ntarengwa w'ibice ni 1000.Tumubiri we w'ikirenge ukoresha ubwoko bwa 3 L-BE-25akazu ko gushyiramo ibintus, urwego ni 25kg, ubushobozi bwo kwihuta ni 2.0±0.008mV/V, umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi y'ikiraro cy'umurambararo ni 12V. Tigipimo gikoresha metero AD4325. Baza nibaakazu ko gushyiramo ibintu ikoreshwa ishobora guhuza na metero.
Igisubizo: Nyuma yo kugisha inama, ubushobozi bwo kwinjizamo bwa metero AD4325 ni 0.6μV/d, bityo hakurikijwe formula ihuye yaakazu ko gushyiramo ibintu na metero, ikimenyetso nyacyo cy’injira rya metero gishobora kuboneka nk'ibi bikurikira:
2×12×25/1000×3×25 = 8μV/d>0.6μv/d
Bityo rero,akazu ko gushyiramo ibintu ikoreshwa ihuye n'ibisabwa ku buryo igikoresho gishyirwamo gikorana kandi ishobora guhuza n'igikoresho cyatoranijwe.
2. Uzuza ibisabwa ku buryo buboneye by’umunzani wose w’ikoranabuhanga. Umunzani w’ikoranabuhanga ugizwe ahanini n’ibice bitatu: umubiri w’umunzani,akazu ko gushyiramo ibintu n'igikoresho. Mu guhitamo ukuri kw'ibyoakazu ko gushyiramo ibintu, ukuri kw'ibyoakazu ko gushyiramo ibintu Igomba kuba iri hejuru gato y'agaciro k'ibarura ry'inyigo, kuko inyigisho ikunze kugengwa n'imiterere y'ibintu bifatika, nk'ibipimo. Ingufu z'umubiri ziba mbi gato, imikorere y'igikoresho ntabwo ari myiza cyane, imikorere y'igipimo ni mibi cyane n'ibindi bintu bitaziguye.bigira ingaruka ku ibisabwa ku butunganecy'urwego.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-11-2022