Amateka ya selile yo gushyiramo

Leonardo Da Vinci yakoresheje imyanya y’ibipimo bipima uburemere ku gikoresho cy’ubukanishi kugira ngo agereranye kandi amenye uburemere butazwi. Impinduka mu miterere ye yakoresheje ibipimo byinshi, buri kimwe gifite uburebure butandukanye kandi gipima uburemere bumwe busanzwe. Mbere y’uko utunyangingo tw’ubukanishi bw’amazi n’ubw’ikoranabuhanga dusimbura ibipimo by’ubukanishi mu nganda, ibi bipimo by’ubukanishi byakoreshwaga cyane. Byakoreshwaga mu gupima ibintu byose kuva ku binini kugeza ku modoka za gari ya moshi kandi byakorwaga neza kandi mu buryo bwizewe iyo byagenzuwe neza kandi bibungabungwa neza. Byasabaga gukoresha uburyo bwo kuringaniza uburemere cyangwa kumenya imbaraga zakozwe n’ibipimo by’ubukanishi. Ibyuma bya mbere bya mbere byakoreshejwe mu gupima imbaraga byari birimo imiterere y’ubukanishi n’ubw’umwuka.

Mu 1843, umuhanga mu bya fiziki w'Umwongereza Charles Wheatstone yahimbye uruziga rw'ikiraro rushobora gupima ubukana bw'amashanyarazi. Uruziga rw'ikiraro cya Wheatstone ni rwiza mu gupima impinduka z'ubukana ziba mu bipimo by'ubukana. Nubwo ikoranabuhanga rya mbere rihuza ibyuma rihuza amashanyarazi ryakozwe mu myaka ya 1940, ni bwo ikoranabuhanga rishya ryabaye ingirakamaro mu bya tekiniki no mu bukungu. Kuva icyo gihe, ariko, ibipimo by'ubukana byariyongereye haba mu bice by'ubukana bw'imashini ndetse no mu turemangingo tw'ubukana bw'imashini. Muri iki gihe, usibye muri laboratwari zimwe na zimwe aho ingano z'ubukana bw'imashini zikoreshwa neza, uturemangingo tw'ubukana bw'imashini twiganjemo ingano ni two twiganje mu nganda zipima uburemere. Uturemangingo tw'ubukana bw'umwuka rimwe na rimwe dukoreshwa aho umutekano n'isuku byifuzwa, kandi utwuma tw'ubukana bw'amazi twitabwaho ahantu kure, kuko tudakenera umuriro. Utwuma tw'ubukana bw'imashini dutanga ubuziranenge kuva kuri 0.03% kugeza kuri 0.25% byuzuye kandi dukwiriye gukoreshwa mu nganda hafi ya zose.