Uburyo bw'Iterambere ry'Amazi mu Ruziga rwa LJS Uburyo bw'Iterambere ry'Amazi mu Ruziga rwa Static Gravimetric + Uburyo bw'Iterambere ry'Ubunini + Uburyo bw'Ipima ry'Amazi mu Ruziga rwa Master Method
1. Ibisobanuro
Ikigo cy’amazi gipima amazi cyo mu bwoko bwa LJS (cyitwa Ikigo) ni igikoresho cyihariye gipimisha gisabwa n’amategeko agenga igenzura ry’ibipimo by’ubutaka. Gikoresha ibipimo by’ikoranabuhanga bifite ubuziranenge buhanitse (ibipimo by’ibanze), ibipimo by’icyuma bisanzwe (ibipimo by’ibanze), n’ibipimo by’amazi bisanzwe (ibipimo by’ibanze) nk’ibikoresho by’ingenzi. Gikoresha amazi meza nk’uburyo bwo gupima, kandi gishingiye ku mategeko agenga igenzura ry’igihugu n’ibisabwa mu gupima ibipimo by’ibipimo biri mu igeragezwa (MUT), gihora gisuzuma, gipima, kandi kigapima ibipimo by’amazi bipima MUT mu gihe kimwe. Gikoreshwa cyane n’amashami y’igihugu ashinzwe kugenzura ibipimo mu kugenzura ibipimo mu rwego rw’amategeko mu kugenzura ibikoresho byemewe n’amategeko bwa mbere no mu gihe runaka, ndetse no mu bucamanza n’ubwumvikane mu nkiko. Kinakora nk’amahame ngenderwaho mu gushyira mu bikorwa mu nganda nka peteroli na chimique, kandi gikoreshwa mu gupima amazi mu buryo bw’ubwenge mu bushakashatsi bwa siyansi, kugenzura ibipimo by’amazi, no gukora ibipimo by’amazi bifatika, gitanga amabwiriza rusange n’uburyo bwo kuyakoresha. Kugira ngo harebwe ko agaciro gatangwa neza mu gihe cyo gupima no kongera ubumenyi bw’abakozi mu kugenzura ibipimo, iyi gahunda y’amahugurwa yateguwe by’umwihariko. Abakozi bakora akazi ko kugenzura imikorere y’ikigo bagomba kubifata nk’ingenzi, bakiga neza kandi bakamenya neza iri somo.
Iyi nyubako ihuza uburyo bwinshi bwo gupima: Uburyo bwa Static Gravimetric, Uburyo bwa Static Volumetric, na Master Meter Method. Ubu buryo bwuzuzanya bukoresha uburyo bwinshi bunoza imikorere myiza y’ikigo n’urwego rw’ubwenge, butuma gipima cyangwa kigenzura kuri interineti ibipimo bisanzwe by’amazi, ndetse no gupima cyangwa kugenzura ibipimo bitandukanye by’amazi.
Uburyo bwa Static Gravimetric bukoresha igipimo cy’ikoranabuhanga gipima neza cyane nk'icyitegererezo. Bugena umuvuduko w’amazi anyura mu gikoresho gipima mu gihe runaka hanyuma bukagereranya n’umuvuduko w’amazi ubarwa muri MUT, bityo bukamenya neza kandi bugasubiramo MUT. Ibipimo by’ikoranabuhanga bitanga ubuziranenge bwo hejuru; ubu buryo bushobora kugera ku buziranenge bwa ± 0.05% kandi bufite ibyiza nko guhindagurika kw’umuvuduko uhoraho, umuvuduko uhoraho, no gupima neza.
Uburyo bwa Static Volumetric bukoresha igipimo gisanzwe cy'icyuma nk'icyitegererezo. Ugereranyije n'uburyo bwa Static Gravimetric, bufite kandi isoko y'umuvuduko uhoraho, umuvuduko uhoraho, n'ubuziranenge bwo gupima. Ariko, kugira ngo hamenyekane umuvuduko munini, uburyo bwa Static Volumetric busaba ibipimo byinshi bisanzwe by'icyuma bikoreshwa hamwe. Gukora ibipimo bisanzwe by'icyuma biragoye, igihe cyo kubipima ni kirekire, kandi ubuziranenge ntarengwa bushoboka ni ± 0.1%.
Uburyo bwa Master Meter bukoresha icyuma gipima amazi neza cyane nk'igikoresho cyo gupima MUT. Ibipimo bipima amazi neza cyane bikunze gukoreshwa bishobora kugera ku gipimo cy'ukuri cya ± 0.2%. Mu gupima imikorere rusange, ubu buryo bwo kugenzura ni ubworoshye, bworoshye kandi buhendutse.
Uburyo bwo gushimangira umuvuduko bw'ikigo buhuza uburyo bwo gushimangira umuvuduko w'ubwato buhamye n'uburyo bwo guhindura ubwiyongere bw'umuvuduko (VFD). Mu kugenzura umuvuduko wa VFD kugira ngo hagenzurwe umuvuduko wa pompe, umuvuduko w'umuvuduko w'amazi uhinduka. Gukomeza gushimangira umuvuduko w'amazi uhinduka ku kigero cya 0.2%. Gutunganya umuvuduko w'amazi bihuza uburyo bwo kugenzura imiyoboro na moteri ya pompe VFD, bigahura n'ibisabwa ku miyoboro itandukanye y'umuyoboro mu gihe bigabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu.
Ikigo cyose kigenzurwa na mudasobwa yikora kandi ikongerwamo n'ikoreshwa ry'intoki. Bituma habaho kugenzura no gufata amakuru mu buryo bwikora ku kigo cyose, nko gupima ibipimo by'ikoranabuhanga, gupima ibipimo bisanzwe, gupima ibipimo bisanzwe, gupima MUT, kugenzura diverter, transmitter, transmitter y'ubushyuhe, valve igenzura ubwiyongere bw'amazi, na VFD control and data acquisition. Bishobora gukora mu buryo bwikora gupima amanota amwe, atatu, atanu, na menshi, hamwe n'imikorere yo kubika amakuru mu buryo bwikora, kubaza, gucapa ibisubizo byo gupima, n'ibyemezo byo gupima. Uburyo bwo gushimangira umuvuduko bukoresha uburyo bwo kugenzura VFD no gushimangira uburyo bw'imiyoboro ihamye hashingiwe ku rugero rw'amazi anyuramo. Gutunganya ubwiyongere bw'amazi bihuza valve zigenzura amashanyarazi na moteri ya pompe VFD control, guhaza ibyifuzo byo kugenzura ubwiyongere bw'amazi ku bunini butandukanye no kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu za sisitemu.
Abakoresha bashobora guhitamo uburyo bwihariye bwo gupima hashingiwe ku bwoko bw'icyuma gipima gikwiye gupimwa, imbogamizi z'aho giherereye, imiterere y'ubukungu, nibindi, cyangwa bagahuza uburyo butandukanye bwo kubaka ikigo gisanzwe gihuye nacyo.
Igishushanyo mbonera cy’ikigo gihuye n’amahame y’igihugu agenga ibipimo, amabwiriza n’ibipimo:
● JJG 164-2000 Ikigo Gisanzwe cy'Uruziga rw'Amazi
● JJG 643-2024 Master Meter Method Flow Standard Facility
● JJG 162-2019 Ibipimo by'amazi akonje
● JJG 257-2007 Ipima ry'amazi mu kirere
● JJG 640-2016 Ibipimo by'umuvuduko utandukanye
●JJG 667-2010 Ibipimo by'amazi byo kwimura amazi
● JJG 1029-2007 Vortex Flowmeters
●JJG 1030-2007 Ipima ry'Iterambere rya Ultrasonic
● JJG 1033-2007 Ibipimo by'Iterambere rya Elektromagineti
● JJG 1037-2008 Turbine Flowmeters
●JJG 1038-2008 Coriolis Mass Flowmeters
2. Ibikubiye mu ngingo nkuru
2.1 Ibipimo by'ingenzi bya tekiniki
2.1.1Uburyo bwo Gupima: Uburyo bwa Gravimetric Static + Uburyo bwa Volume Static + Uburyo bwa Master Meter.
2.1.2Kutamenya neza kwaguwe kw'ikigo:
* Uburyo bwa Gravimetric butajegajega: 0.05% (*k*=2) Intera yo kugenzura igipimo cya elegitoroniki e=1/6000;
* Uburyo bw'ingano ihoraho: 0.2% (*k*=2) Igipimo gisanzwe cy'imikorere Ikosa ntarengwa ryemewe: ≤±0.5×10⁻³; niba hakoreshejwe ibipimo bisanzwe by'icyuma byo mu cyiciro cya kabiri, Uburyo bw'ingano ihoraho bushobora kuba 0.15% (*k*=2);
* Uburyo bw'Igipimo cy'Ubwenge: 0.3% (*k*=2) Igipimo cy'umuvuduko gisanzwe kidasobanutse neza 0.2% (*k*=2).
2.1.3Ihindagurika ry'amazi: ≤0.2%.
2.1.4Ingano y'Ingendo: (0.02 ~ 5000) m³/h (cyangwa ingero y'Ingendo yagenwe n'umukoresha).
2.1.5Ibisobanuro bya MUT: Diameter DN4 ~ DN600 (cyangwa diameter yagenwe n'umukoresha).
2.1.6Ahantu ho gupima imiterere y'amashanyarazi: Hashobora gushyirwaho amatsinda menshi, hamwe n'imiyoboro y'igerageza imiterere y'amashanyarazi iteganye. Ingano z'umurambararo w'aho gupima imiterere y'amashanyarazi ni DN25, DN50, DN80, DN100, DN150, DN200, DN300, DN400, DN500, DN600. Izindi metero zipima imiterere y'amashanyarazi zishobora gupimwa hakoreshejwe imiyoboro ihinduranya.
2.1.7Ubwoko bwa MUTs: Ibipimo by'umuvuduko wa Turbine, ibipimo by'umuvuduko wa vortex, ibipimo by'umuvuduko wa electromagnetic, ibipimo by'umuvuduko wa ultrasonic, ibipimo by'umuvuduko, ibipimo by'umuvuduko utandukanye, ibipimo by'umuvuduko wa displacement ya liquid positive, ibipimo by'umuvuduko wa Coriolis, nibindi.
2.1.8Ibimenyetso bya MUT: Ibimenyetso bya Pulse (frequency), umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi (4 ~ 20) mA, itumanaho rya digitale rya RS485, nta kimenyetso (gusoma mu buryo butaziguye), nibindi.
2.1.9Uburyo bwo gupima: Amazi meza.
2.1.10Umuvuduko w'akazi: (0.2 ~ 1.0) MPa (hakurikijwe ibisabwa n'umukoresha).
2.1.11Ingufu zitangwa: DC (5V, 12V, 24V)/1A, AC220V/10A.
2.1.12Uburyo bwo kugenzura:
Mu gihe cyo gupima, ikigo gikorera mu buryo bwikora. Nyuma y'ibikorwa bikenewe n'intoki (gushyiraho MUT, gufungura/gufunga valves z'intoki), imirimo isigaye yo gupima ikorwa mu buryo bwikora na mudasobwa.
2.1.13Ibikoresho by'Ikigo:
Ibice bihuye n'icyuma gipima bikozwe mu byuma 304 bita stainless steel. Ibindi bice bikozwe mu byuma bya karuboni bifite irangi.
2.1.14Ahantu ho gukorera Laboratwari (Hatanzwe n'umukoresha):
Inyubako yose yateguwe neza kugira ngo izigame umwanya kandi ihuze n'ibisabwa muri laboratwari.
2.1.15Kwemerwa kw'Ikigo:
Kwakira burundu ikigo cyose bikorwa n'ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe gupima ibintu cyagenwe n'umukoresha. Bazagenzura, basuzume, kandi batange raporo y'igenzura/isuzuma (icyemezo). Iyi raporo (icyemezo) niyo nyandiko nyamukuru yo kwemererwa.
Izindi mashini zo gupima mu kigo, harimo iminzani y'ikoranabuhanga, ibipimo bisanzwe by'icyuma, ibipimo bisanzwe by'umuvuduko w'amazi, ibipimo by'umuvuduko w'amazi, ibipimo by'ubushyuhe, ibipimo by'igihe, nibindi, zizahabwa raporo z'igenzura/zo gupima (ibyemezo) bitangwa n'ibigo byemewe n'amategeko y'intara nyuma yo kugenzura.
2.2 Ihame ry'imikorere
Iyo ukoresheje uburyo bwa Static Gravimetric Method mu gupima, igipimo cy'ikoranabuhanga ni cyo gikoreshwa. Mu gihe kimwe cyagenwe, uburemere bw'uburyo bwo gupima bunyura muri MUT bugereranywa n'uburemere bupimwe n'igipimo cy'ikoranabuhanga (cyangwa urujya n'uruza rw'uburemere bubarwa uhereye ku gihe cyagenwe), bigapima ukuri n'ubushobozi bwo gusubiramo bwa MUT.
Iyo hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa Static Volumetric Method bwo gupima flow metter, MUT n'igipimo gisanzwe cyo gukora bikoreshwa mu buryo bumwe. Mu gihe kimwe cyagenwe, ubwinshi bw'amazi anyura muri MUT (cyangwa ingano y'amazi ibarwa uhereye ku gihe cyagenwe) bigereranywa n'ubwinshi bwapimwe mu buryo butaziguye mu gipimo gisanzwe cyo gukora, bigapima neza uburyo MUT ipima n'uburyo isubiramo.
Iyo hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa Master Meter mu gupima, uburyo bwo gupima bukomeza gutembera muri MUT no muri master meter. Master Meter ikora nk'icyitegererezo, ihujwe mu buryo bukurikiranye na MUT mu kugereranya ibipimo, ikagena ukuri kwa MUT n'uburyo bwo gusubiramo.
2.3 Urugendo rw'Inzira
Uburyo bwo gupima buva mu kigega cy'amazi, bunyura mu itsinda ry'ipompo, ubwato butuza, icyuma gikuraho umwuka/akayunguruzo, imiyoboro y'uburyo bwo gupima, itsinda ry'ibipimo by'amazi akoreshwa mu gupima, itsinda ry'abapimira amazi akoreshwa mu gupima, itsinda ry'abapimira amazi akoreshwa mu gupima amazi, igikoresho cyo guhindura amazi akoreshwa mu gupima amazi, igikoresho cyo guhindura amazi akoreshwa mu gupima amazi, igikoresho cyo guhindura amazi akoreshwa mu gupima amazi, igikoresho cyo guhindura amazi akoreshwa mu gupima amazi. Nyuma yo gupima amazi akoreshwa mu gupima amazi akoreshwa mu gupima amazi, igikoresho cyo gupima amazi akoreshwa mu ...
Shyira MUT ku muyoboro w'igerageza ujyanye nayo. Tangira sisitemu yo kubika amazi azenguruka n'iy'ingufu ijyanye nayo. Hindura icyuho cy'ingufu igenzura, umuvuduko uri hagati w'amazi azenguruka, n'umuvuduko w'amazi kugira ngo bigere kandi bihamye ku gipimo gikenewe cyo gupima. Uburyo bwo gupima bunyura muri MUT no ku gipimo gisanzwe cyo gukora (igipimo cy'ikoranabuhanga, igipimo gisanzwe cy'icyuma, igipimo gisanzwe cyo gukora). Koresha uburyo busanzwe bwo gukora bwa MUT n'amazi azenguruka mu buryo buhuye, ugereranye agaciro k'amazi asohoka kugira ngo umenye neza uburyo MUT ipima n'uko isubiramo. Agaciro gasanzwe gakusanyijwe hamwe n'agaciro ka MUT byinjira muri sisitemu ya mudasobwa kugira ngo itunganywe. Hashingiwe ku buryo butandukanye bwo gupima, inzira yo kugenzura itanga ibimenyetso bitandukanye byo kugenzura nk'uko bikenewe kugira ngo uburyo bwo gupima bugere ku gipimo cy'amazi azenguruka ahandi hantu ho gupima. Subiramo igikorwa cyavuzwe haruguru kugeza aho ibice byose by'amazi bipimwe. Hanyuma, banza ubare ibisubizo byo gupima ukurikije amabwiriza yo kugenzura, ubibike, hanyuma ucape raporo n'ibyemezo.
2.4 Imiterere y'Ikigo
2.4.1Uburyo bwo kubika no gufunga amazi azenguruka
Igizwe n'ikigega cy'amazi, pompe (amapompe), sisitemu ya VFD, ubwato butuza, icyuma gikuraho umwuka/akayunguruzo, imiyoboro ihuza, valves z'irembo zikoreshwa n'intoki, valves zo kugenzura, n'ibihuza byoroshye, nibindi.
A. Pompe z'amashanyarazi
Ipompo zikoresha centrifugal zikoresha ingufu nke, zidatembera cyane, kandi zidakoresha urusaku rwinshi ziratoranywa. Zitwikira neza urwego rw'amazi asabwa n'imiyoboro yo gupima amashanyarazi y'ikigo kandi zikubiyemo amahame yo gukoresha neza ingufu no kuzigama neza mu buryo bwiza hakurikijwe amabwiriza agenga amazi akoreshwa. Ipompo nyinshi zishobora gukoreshwa hamwe cyangwa ipompo imwe ishobora kugenzurwa na VFD mu buryo bwihariye kugira ngo ihuze n'urwego rw'amazi akoreshwa mu gupima amashanyarazi.
Umutwe w'ipompo utoranywa neza hashingiwe ku gushwanyagurika kw'imiyoboro y'amazi n'igihombo cyo mu gace uva ku muyoboro usohoka ujya ku muyoboro usohoka, hamwe n'uburebure kuva ku buso bw'ikigega kugeza ku munwa ujyana amazi n'umuyoboro ugaruka, igihombo cyo gukurura ipompo, n'ibisabwa kugira ngo hakorwe neza umuvuduko w'amazi. Gukoresha neza umuvuduko w'amazi hakoreshejwe agaciro ko hagati.
Pompe zakozwe kandi zigakorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bugezweho bwa hydraulic, zifite spiral casings, horizontal sucking, vertical discharge, na divimetre imwe y'inyobo/outlet. Guhuza moteri mu buryo butaziguye bitanga imiterere y'imirongo ikikije, imikorere ihamye kandi yizewe, bitanga umuvuduko uhamye w'ipompe hamwe n'ihindagurika rito ry'umuvuduko n'amazi, byoroshya kugenzura no kugenzura.
Mu gihe cyo gushyiraho pompe, hakoreshwa ingamba zo kugabanya imitingito no kuyitandukanya. Hashyirwaho uburyo bwo guhuza umwuka aho pompe yinjira kugira ngo bigabanye imitingito. Hashyirwaho uburyo bwo kugenzura imitingito buhoro buhoro ku miyoboro isohoka kugira ngo hatabaho imitingito, hamwe n’ingamba zo kugabanya umuvuduko w’amazi. Moteri zikoresha ingufu neza kandi zirinda umuvuduko mwinshi w’amazi. Umutwe wo gukurura umwuka ukoreshwa neza kugira ngo wirinde ko umwuka winjira cyangwa usohoka.
B. Ubwato butuje
Uburyo bwo gushimangira umuvuduko w’ikigo ni ugushimangira umuvuduko w’ubwato + uburyo bwo kugenzura VFD, bukoreshwa mu kugabanya ihindagurika ry’umuvuduko n’ihindagurika ry’umuvuduko mu gihe cyo kubimenya. Butanga umuvuduko uhamye kuri sisitemu, bukuraho umuvuduko mwinshi n’imiraba y’ingufu mu mashini, kandi bugakuraho uduheri twinjijwe mu buryo bwo gupima. Ubwo bwato buhamye butera impuzandengo, bugabanya, kandi bugafata umuvuduko w’amazi, bugatuma ihindagurika ry’umuvuduko w’amazi riguma rihamye ku kigero cya 0.2%, bigatuma amazi ari mu muyoboro w’igenzura ry’umuvuduko yubahirije ibisabwa n’umuvuduko uhoraho w’ubwato mu cyiciro kimwe.
Ukurikije agaciro k'ihindagurika ry'aho ipompo isohoka, agaciro ko guhagarara k'ubwoya, n'umurambararo w'aho injira n'aho isohoka, reba uburyo ntarengwa bwo kwinjira k'ubwoya kugeza ku bushobozi bw'ubwoya, ingano, n'umuvuduko ntarengwa w'ubwoya. Ibikoresho bishobora kuba icyuma cya 304 cy'icyuma kidashonga cyangwa icyuma cya karuboni.
Ubwato bufite intera imwe ihagaze, intera eshatu zitambitse zifite imiyoboro y’amazi. Intera ihagaze igabanya ubwato mu byumba byo kwinjiramo n’ibyo gusohokeramo. Inzira y’umwuka yinjira, izamuka/imanuka bitewe n’intera n’intera, umuyaga urushaho kugabanuka bitewe n’intera ihagaze n’intera y’umwuka yo hejuru, hanyuma ikinjira mu cyumba cyo gusohokeramo binyuze mu muyoboro. Ibi bikurura kandi bigakingira neza imiraba ihindagurika cyane, bigakuraho intera iterwa na pompe, ikora nk'ikintu gikomeza umuvuduko no gupakurura. Impinduka nto z’umuvuduko w’umwuka zikumirwa no kwaguka/gufungana kw’umwanya w’umwuka uri hejuru y’ubwato.
Igishushanyo mbonera n'inganda bikurikiza amabwiriza ya GB150-2011 "Ibyuma bitanga umuvuduko" na "Amabwiriza agenga ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura umutekano w'ibyuma bitanga umuvuduko". Ibyuma bikurikiza amabwiriza ya GB150-2011 na GB/T 9112~9124-2010 "Ibyuma bitanga umuyoboro w'icyuma". Hatanzwe inyandiko zuzuye z'umutekano (uruhushya rwo gukora, icyemezo cy'ubuziranenge, icyemezo cy'ubugenzuzi bw'ibikoresho byihariye, dosiye z'igishushanyo, amabwiriza yo gushyiraho/gusana).
Ibikoresho by'ubwato birimo igipimo cy'umuvuduko, valve yo gusohora amazi, valve y'umutekano ifite umuvuduko mwinshi, imiyoboro, n'ibikoresho byayo.
C. Sisitemu ya VFD
Iyi nyubako ifite sisitemu ya VFD ikoresha umuntu umwe umwe. Imirimo yayo: 1) Kwirinda ingaruka z'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi mu gihe cyo guhinduranya ingufu, 2) Kureba neza ko pompe zikora neza zigenzurwa na VFD kugira ngo byoroshye kugenzura uburyo amazi agenda kandi bizigame ingufu. Sisitemu igizwe ahanini n'akabati ko gutangiza, VFD, insinga zihuza, nibindi. VFD imwe igenzura moteri imwe ya pompe (umuvuduko mwiza: 35Hz ~ 50Hz). Igenzura rya PID rikoreshwa mu kugenzura uburyo amazi agenda n'umuvuduko. VFD zishyirwa mu kabati gafite imikorere yo guhagarika ibintu mu buryo bwihutirwa, kugenzura intoki, na remote control ya mudasobwa. Ku bw'umutekano, relay z'ubushyuhe zongerwamo imbere mu kabati kugira ngo zirinde umuriro mwinshi/umubyibuho urenze urugero.
Mu gihe cyo gukora, moteri za pompe zigenzurwa na VFD zikoresha uburyo bwo kongerera ingufu umuvuduko uhoraho. Umurimo wa VFD ugomba kwirinda umuvuduko uri hasi kugira ngo hirindwe uturere twapfuye n'amabwiriza adahindagurika. Gutembera neza muri MUT bisaba itandukaniro rihamye ry'umuvuduko muri yo. Kugenzura umuvuduko uhoraho ni ingenzi kugira ngo umuvuduko uhore uhamye. Kugenzura umuvuduko wa VFD bikoresha uburyo bwa PID; imikorere yayo igena imikorere ya sisitemu mu buryo butaziguye. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rishobora kuba iri rikurikira:
Koresha PLC nk'umugenzuzi (ihame rigaragara hepfo). Ibyiza: gusubiza vuba, ikoresha uburyo bwo kugenzura bw'uruganda rwa VFD, ikongera uburyo bwo kwizerwa mu mikorere.
Utwuma dushyuha mu kabati ka VFD dutanga uburinzi ku muvuduko ukabije w'amashanyarazi/umuvuduko ukabije w'amashanyarazi. VFDs nazo zikora nk'ibikoresho byoroshye, zirinda ipompo neza.
D. Icukura ry'umwuka/Icyuma gikuraho umwuka
Bitewe n'uko uburyo bwo gupima ari inzira ifunguye, uburyo bwo gupima bushobora gukora imyanda n'uduheri mu gihe cyo kubimenya, bigatera amakosa mu gupima no kwangirika kw'ibipimo bisanzwe na MUT. Utwuma duto duto dushyirwa ku gice cyo gusohokeramo umwuka kugira ngo dukuremo gaze n'imyanda mu muyoboro, bityo urwego rukore neza.
Kora imiterere ikwiye, ingano, n'umuvuduko ntarengwa. Imiterere y'igishishwa cy'uruziga gifite valve yo hejuru y'umuyoboro w'amazi, valve yo hasi yo gusohora amazi, karito y'imbere y'urufunguzo, agace gakusanyirizwamo umwuka, isahani ifata amazi, ecran y'urufunguzo ifite imyobo. Ibikoresho bihuye n'icyuma gikoreshwa: icyuma cya 304 kitarangirika; ibindi bice: icyuma cya karuboni gishushanyijeho irangi.
2.4.2Sisitemu Isanzwe y'Ibintu Bisanzwe
Sisitemu y’ibipimo ngenderwaho y’ikigo ikoresha:
* Ibipimo by'ikoranabuhanga bigezweho nk'icyitegererezo cy'Uburyo bwa Gravimetric.
* Ibipimo bisanzwe by'imikorere nk'icyitegererezo cy'Uburyo bw'Ubuvungukira.
* Ibipimo bisanzwe by'umuvuduko nk'icyitegererezo cy'uburyo bwa Master Meter.
Ahanini igizwe na valves zifunga, valves zigenzura imikorere y'amazi, diverter, icyuma gipima, icyuma gipima amashanyarazi gikozwe neza cyane (cyangwa igipimo cy'icyuma gisanzwe), imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi, nibindi.
A. Sisitemu yo gupima Gravimetric (Ibipimo by'ikoranabuhanga)
Sisitemu ifasha mu gupima MUTs ku rugero ntarengwa n'ururenda rw'amazi. Sisitemu zitandukanye zo gupima (ibipimo) zishobora gutoranywa hashingiwe ku muvuduko w'amazi.
Urugero: Uburyo bune bwo gupima bwujuje ibisabwa mu gupima:
* Itsinda rya 1: igipimo cya 12000kg, agakoresho gapima 12000L, umuyoboro uhindura DN300, umurongo ugabanya umuvuduko w'umugongo.
* Itsinda rya 2: igipimo cya 3000kg, agakoresho gapima 3000L, DN100 diverter, umurongo w'umuvuduko w'inyuma.
* Itsinda rya 3: igipimo cya 600kg, agakoresho gapima 600L, DN50 diverter, umurongo w'umuvuduko w'inyuma.
* Itsinda rya 4: igipimo cya 120kg, agakoresho gapima litiro 120, umuyoboro ugabanya umuvuduko wa DN25, umurongo w'umuvuduko w'umugongo.
Urubuga rw'ibipimo rugizwe n'umubiri n'umuyoboro bipima, rufite uburinzi bw'ibipimo by'umuvuduko w'amajwi, uburyo bw'itumanaho busanzwe (urugero: RS232/RS485), bushobora guhuzwa na sisitemu yo kwerekana cyangwa kugenzura aho uherereye, bufite imikorere yikora.
B. Igikoresho cyo gupimira
Ibikoresho bipima bifata igikoresho cyo gupima mu gihe cyo gupima Gravimetric. Imiterere: igikoresho cy'icyuma kizingiye gifite icyuma kidashonga gihuye n'ingano ya platform. Ubunini bw'urukuta bwujuje ibisabwa mu gupima no gukomera, bigatuma nta guhindagurika kw'ibikoresho mu gihe kirekire bikoreshwa.
Urugero: Ibikoresho bine: 12000L, 3000L, 600L, 120L. Igihe cyo gukamura amazi ku bikoresho byose ni ≤sekondi 40.
Ifite sensor y'urwego, valve yo gusohora amazi, umuyoboro w'amazi, nibindi, ifite imikorere nko kugenzura urwego rw'amazi, alarm irenze urugero, anti-slash writing, no gusohora amazi vuba. Igishushanyo mbonera cyibanda ku mwanya n'imbaraga: icyuma kizunguruka, gridi y'amazi yo hejuru, umuyoboro w'amazi wo hasi; ibikoresho byo mu gice cy'imbere bifite ishusho ya cross-shaped flow stabilizers bihujwe ku buryo bungana kugira ngo bikureho uduheri n'ihindagurika ry'amazi, bigatanga uburyo umwuka usohoka kandi ugatuza amazi. Ibikoresho: 304 icyuma kitagira umugese.
C. Sisitemu yo gupima ubunini bw'amazi (Ibipimo bisanzwe by'imikorere)
Byakozwe, byakozwe, kandi bitoranywa hakurikijwe JJG259-2005 "Igenzura ry'Ibipimo by'Ibyuma Bisanzwe" kugira ngo harebwe ko ari ukuri, ko bihamye kandi byizewe mu gupima ingano y'amazi atemba. Bishobora kwakira aho amazi atemba ntarengwa, ntarengwa, n'aho amazi atemba hagati. Ahantu hatandukanye ho gupima hashobora gutoranywa hashingiwe ku muvuduko w'amazi atemba.
Urugero: Ibipimo bitatu bisanzwe by'imikorere:
* GBJ-10000L (ubwoko bw'uburebure bumwe), intera y'amazi anyuramo (300~1150) m³/h.
* GBJ-3000L (ubwoko buhuriweho: 1000L+2000L), intera y'amazi anyuramo (70~300) m³/h.
* GBJ-700L (ubwoko buhuriweho: 200L + 500L), intera y'amazi anyuramo (0.9~70) m³/h.
Igipimo kigizwe n'ijosi ry'igipimo, umuyoboro w'igipimo, igipimo cy'ijosi ry'igipimo, agace ko hejuru, umubiri w'uruziga, agace ko hasi, agace ko gusohora amazi, aho ahagarara n'ibice byo kuringaniza. Ibikoresho bihuye n'amazi: icyuma cya 304 cy'icyuma kidashonga.
Vali zo gusohora amazi zikoreshwa mu mwuka, zifite imikorere yoroshye, zifunga neza, kandi zikora neza.
D. Umuhinduzi
Iyi diverter ni ingenzi mu bikoresho by’ingenzi bitanga amazi. Ihindura vuba icyerekezo cy’amazi, igashyira amazi anyura muri MUT mu gikoresho gipima neza nta kurenga mu gihe gisabwa. Ni ikintu cy’ingenzi mu isuzuma ry’uko ikigo kitazi neza.
Imashini yacu ikoresha umwuka wigenga ikoresha imiterere ifunguye, ikora neza, ikora neza, ikora neza, kandi nta gusuka cyangwa guhindagurika kw'amazi mu gihe cyo gukora. Ingaruka z'ihindagurika ry'umuvuduko ku mazi mu gihe cyo kumanuka ku mazi menshi ni agaciro kadahinduka.
Diverter ihuzwa n'indi imwe ifite aho ipima (cyangwa ahantu ho gupima). Umurambararo n'ingano bya Diverter byakozwe neza. Igikorwa ni ukugenda koroheje, gafite umurongo ugororotse, ubushobozi buke bwo guhangana n'ibintu, gukora vuba, itandukaniro rito ry'igihe cyo kunyuramo, kandi byujuje amabwiriza ajyanye no kugenzura.
Ibipimo bya tekiniki: Igihe cyo guhindura ikirere hakoreshejwe stroke imwe ≤200ms, itandukaniro ry'igihe cyo guhindura ikirere ≤20ms, kutamenya neza 0.02%, umuvuduko w'umwuka uturuka ku kirere (0.4 ~ 0.6)MPa, ibikoresho bihuye n'icyuma gikoreshwa mu byuma 304 bita stainless steel.
E. Ibipimo Bisanzwe by'Umuvuduko w'Imvura (Ibipimo By'Ubwinshi)
Ibipimo by'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi bikoreshwa cyane cyane nk'ibipimo by'ingenzi, icyiciro cy'ubuziranenge ≤0.2, ubushobozi bwo gusubiramo ≤0.06%. Ibi bipimo kandi bikoreshwa nk'ibipimo ngenderwaho byo kugenzura umuvuduko w'umu ...
2.4.3Sisitemu y'imiyoboro yo gupima imiterere
Harimo ahantu ho gupima, ahantu hanini, ibipimo bisanzwe by'amazi anyura, imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi, nibindi, bifite ibyohereza umuvuduko, ibyohereza ubushyuhe, ibipimo by'amashanyarazi bigenga amazi anyura, ibikoresho byo gufunga ibipimo by'amazi anyura mu muyoboro, ibipimo by'amazi anyura mu muyoboro, ibipimo by'amazi anyura mu muyoboro, uburyo bwo gusukura imiyoboro, intebe yo gukoreraho ya MUT, ibikoresho bishyigikira imiyoboro, nibindi bikoresho nibindi byungirije.
A. Aho gupimira ibikoresho byo gupima
Hashingiwe ku miterere y'aho umukoresha akorera, ahantu henshi hashobora gupimwa hakozwe neza, hateguwe neza ku ruhande rumwe. Ingano zisanzwe za sitasiyo: DN25, DN50, DN80, DN100, DN150, DN200, DN300, DN400, DN500, DN600. Izindi ngano zishobora gupimwa hakoreshejwe guhindura imiyoboro.
B. Ibice by'imiyoboro igororotse
Ibice by'imiyoboro igororotse yo gupima byakozwe nka 20D hejuru y'umugezi na 5D inyuma y'umugezi wa MUT. Ibice byo hejuru/inyuma y'umugezi bifite aho bikanda umuvuduko/ubushyuhe byujuje ibisabwa n'amategeko, bifunze neza, bikorohereza gupima MUT.
Ibikoresho: Umuyoboro w'icyuma kitagira umugese 304. Itandukaniro ry'umurambararo wo hanze n'ubugari bw'urukuta bikurikiza amahame y'igihugu.
C. Ibikombe
Iki kigo gifite imiyoboro y'ingano zitandukanye zo gupima kugira ngo ihuze n'ibisabwa bitandukanye bya MUT. Ingano za miyoboro y'imiyoboro zikozwe hakurikijwe ibyo umukoresha akeneye. Ibikoresho: 304 by'icyuma kitagira umugese.
D. Igikoresho cyo gufunga metero (Ihuriro ryo kwagura)
Igikoresho cyo gufunga ni ibikoresho by'ingenzi by'inyongera. Iki gikoresho gikoresha ibikoresho byo gufunga by'inyuma bya silinda ebyiri bitwarwa n'umwuka bifite imikorere yo kugenzura intoki. Iki gikoresho gitsinda ingorane zo kuva mu mwuka/amazi imbere mu mubiri wa silinda bitagaragara. Uburebure bw'imitsi butuma ibikoresho bitandukanye bikoreshwa mu gihe bigenzura imikorere. Ingano n'umurambararo byakozwe neza kuri buri sitasiyo kugira ngo bifate MUT.
Igitutu cy'umuvuduko: 1.6MPa, umuvuduko usanzwe wa ≥200mm, umuvuduko w'umwuka (0.4 ~ 0.6)MPa, ibikoresho bihuye n'icyuma gikoreshwa mu byuma 304 bita stainless steel.
E. Ibikoresho byo kohereza ubutumwa
a. Umuyoboro w'umuvuduko: Icyiciro cy'ubunyangamugayo 0.075, MPE ± 0.075%FS, Ingano (0~ 1.0)MPa, Umusaruro (4~ 20)mA, Ingufu DC24V. Ubusanzwe ibice 3 bishyirwa kuri manifold, cyangwa ibyagenwe n'umukoresha kuri buri muyoboro.
b. Imashini itwara ubushyuhe: Icyiciro cy'ubuziranenge 0.2, MPE ± 0.2°C, Ingano (0~ 50)°C, Umusaruro (4~ 20)mA, Ingufu DC24V. Ubusanzwe ibice 3 bishyirwa kuri manifold, cyangwa ibyagenwe n'umukoresha kuri buri muyoboro.
F. Valves
a. Valves zo kuzimya umuriro w'amazi
Valve zo kuzimya imiyoboro zikoresha valve z'umupira wuzuye zo mu bwoko bwa O hamwe na valve z'ibinyugunyugu zikoresha umwuka ufunze kugira ngo umuyoboro ufunguke/ufunge vuba. Valve y'umupira ni 1.6MPa; Valve y'ibinyugunyugu ni 1.0MPa. Dukurikije ibisabwa mu gupima, valve imwe y'umupira w'umwuka ishyirwaho hejuru y'umuyoboro usanzwe, hejuru y'ikigega cy'amazi, no hejuru/hasi h'umuyoboro wa MUT kuri buri gice cy'igerageza. Valve imwe y'ibinyugunyugu ishyirwa ku muyoboro wa buri gikoresho gipima. Ibikoresho by'ibanze bya valve: icyuma cya 304 kitagira umugese cyangwa icyuma cya ngura cyuzuye.
b. Valve y'umupira igenzura amashanyarazi
Igenzura icyuma gipima amazi gihita gisohoka kugira ngo ihindure frequency ya VFD n'ifungura rya valve, bityo igere ku muvuduko ukenewe. Ikoresha amashanyarazi agenzura umupira wa V-port, ubuziranenge bwa 1%, umuvuduko wa nominee wa 1.6MPa. Imwe ishyizwe munsi ya buri muyoboro wa icyuma gipima amazi. Ibikoresho by'ibanze bya valve: icyuma gipima amazi 304 cyangwa icyuma gipima amazi.
c. Valves zo gukoresha intoki n'ivalves zo kugenzura
Vali zo mu muryango zishyirwa hejuru ya buri muyoboro wo gukurura pompe kugira ngo zihuzwe mu gihe cyo kuyisana. Reba vali zo mu muryango zishyirwa hasi ya buri muyoboro wo gukurura pompe kugira ngo zirinde inyundo y'amazi mu gihe gisanzwe. Ibikoresho by'ibanze bya vali zo mu muryango: 304 cyangwa icyuma cyuzuye cya stainless. Reba ibikoresho bya vali: icyuma cyuzuye cya stainless 304.
d. Valves z'intoki
Vali zo gusohora amazi, vali zo guhumeka, na vali zo kugenzura uburyo bwo gusukura zishyirwa kuri buri muyoboro w'ikoranabuhanga. Igenzura ry'intoki. Ibikoresho: 304 icyuma kitagira umugese.
e. Igare ryo gupima imiterere
Igikapu cyo guterura gishobora kwimurwa cyo gutwara, gutuza, gushyigikira no gushyiraho MUTs. Ibisobanuro n'ingano byashyizweho hakurikijwe ibyo umukoresha akeneye. Igikapu gifite uburyo bwo gushyira hagati butuma imiyoboro ikomeza gukururwa kandi byoroshye gukuraho MUT. Ahantu ho gushyiramo hagenewe kwakira metero zitandukanye zihariye.
f. Inkunga z'imiyoboro
Inkunga z'imiyoboro zijyanye nazo zitangwa ku miyoboro yose ikorerwamo. Inkunga zabugenewe zitangwa kuri buri gikoresho cyo guhindura ikirere. Ibikoresho: icyuma cya karuboni gishushanyijeho irangi.
2.4.4Sisitemu y'ingufu z'umwuka
Itanga umwuka ufunze ku bikoresho by’umwuka biri mu kigo, byujuje ibisabwa bisanzwe mu ikoreshwa ryabyo. Ibikoresho by’umwuka bikoresha ibirango byo mu rwego rwa mbere mu mutekano, kwizerwa no gukora neza.
A. Kompressor y'umwuka
Compressor y'umwuka yo mu bwoko bwa piston yatoranijwe hashingiwe ku byo ikeneye. Ibyiza: kwizigirwa cyane, koroshya imikorere/ibungabungwa, uburinganire bwiza, ubushobozi bwo guhuza ibintu neza, ikwiriye imiterere itandukanye y'akazi.
B. Ikigega cy'Umwakira-Mpwemu
Ingano yakozwe neza n'umuvuduko ntarengwa ushingiye ku mubare w'ibikoresho bya pneumatic n'umuvuduko wabyo. Ibikoresho: icyuma cya karuboni gishushanyijeho irangi. Gifite igipimo cy'umuvuduko, valve y'umutekano yuzuye ikora neza, valve y'umwuka, valve y'amazi, imiyoboro y'amazi, n'ibindi bikoresho.
Igishushanyo mbonera n'inganda bikurikiza amabwiriza ya GB150-2011 "Ibyuma bitanga umuvuduko" na "Amabwiriza agenga ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura umutekano w'ibyuma bitanga umuvuduko". Inyandiko yuzuye y'umutekano iratangwa.
2.4.5Ibice Bisanzwe
Ibice bisanzwe (inkokora, ibigabanya, uduce duto, ibifunga, gasket, nibindi) bifite igitutu cy’umuvuduko ≥1.0MPa. Ibikoresho: icyuma kitagira umugese.
2.4.6Ibice by'imiyoboro
Ibice by'imiyoboro bikoresha imiyoboro y'icyuma kitagira umuvuduko (304), igitutu cy'umuvuduko ≥1.0MPa. Imiyoboro ikurikiza amahame ngenderwaho y'igihugu. Uburebure, ingano, n'uburyo bwo kuyishyiraho byashyizweho hakurikijwe imiterere nyayo y'inyubako.
2.5 Uburyo bwo gukora akazi ko gupima
2.5.1Fungura akabati k'amashanyarazi, akabati k'ibikoresho byo gutangiza VFD, kompreseri y'umwuka, akabati k'ubuyobozi, mudasobwa zo mu nganda (IPC), n'ibindi, uko bikurikirana. Emeza ko ibikoresho bitangiye gukora n'uko bikora bisanzwe.
2.5.2Ubwa mbere, hitamo umurambararo w'umuyoboro w'ubugenzuzi ujyanye n'umurambararo wa MUT (pima metero z'ubugari butandukanye uhindura imiyoboro). Shyira MUT ku gasanduku k'umurimo cyangwa ku gitereko cya V cy'aho bapimira ubugenzuzi. Hindura uburyo bwo kuzamura hydraulic bw'ako gasanduku k'umurimo kugira ngo buhuze uburebure bwo hagati n'ubugari bwa MUT n'umuyoboro wo hejuru n'igikoresho cyo gufunga (clamping). Hanyuma funga uburyo bwo gutunganya hydraulic.
2.5.3Nyuma yo gushyiraho MUT, shyiramo icyuma gifunga umwuka ukoresheje valve yacyo iyobora intoki kugira ngo uhambire MUT mu buryo bw'umurongo. Hanyuma, fata flange ya MUT ku miyoboro y'amazi ukoresheje bolts zihuye, urebe ko nta mazi asohoka. Ibi birangiza gushyiraho MUT. Hindura inzira yo kuyikuraho (Icyitonderwa: Mbere yo kuyikuraho, fungura valve y'amazi yo mu miyoboro kugira ngo uhagarike umwuka no kuyikuramo amazi; kuraho MUT gusa nyuma y'uko amazi afunguwe).
2.5.4Tangira pompe ijyanye n'urwego rw'amazi anyuramo (VFD igenzurwa; hindura inshuro/umuvuduko wa pompe mu gihe cyo gutembera kugira ngo umuyoboro ugende neza mu rugero rushobora kugaragara). Fungura buhoro buhoro valve zatoranijwe. Genda ugenzure amazi anyura muri valve igenzura kugeza igihe amazi anyura neza aho igeragezwa rigeze. Muri iki cyiciro, diverter, valve yo gupima icyuma gitwara amazi, na valve zo kugarura amazi ziba ziri mu mwanya wo gusohora amazi. Mu gihe kimwe, reba niba ibikoresho bikora neza. Niba bitameze neza, kosora ibibazo kandi usane hakurikijwe imfashanyigisho z'ibikoresho bireba.
2.5.5Mbere yo gupima ku buryo bwemewe, reba kandi niba ibikoresho byose by'ubushyuhe/igitutu n'iminzani bikora. Uburyo: Mbere yuko ibikoresho bitangira gukora, reba niba ibipimo by'ubushyuhe bigomba kuba bihuye cyangwa bifunze; ibipimo by'ibipimo by'igitutu bigomba kuba bihuye cyangwa bifunze; ibipimo bigomba kuba bifunze kandi bigashyirwa kuri zeru.
2.5.6Shyiraho ibipimo byo gupima kuri porogaramu (reba igitabo cy'amabwiriza ya porogaramu). Koresha diverter kugira ngo uhindure icyerekezo cy'amazi anyuramo ugana aho igeragezwa ribera. Amazi anyura mu gikoresho gipima. Iyo ageze ku gihe cyo gupima, diverter ihita yihindura. Iyo amazi ahagaze neza mu gikoresho, kusanya amakuru y'ibipimo (ibipimo bisanzwe). Mudasobwa ihita yandika amakuru, hanyuma igafungura valve yo gusohora amazi mu gikoresho.
2.5.7Nyuma yo gusohora amazi no kuyatemba nibura amasegonda 30, valve yo gusohora amazi irafunga ubwayo, maze diverter ihita ihinduranya, itangire gukora bwa kabiri kuri iyo point yo gupima. Subiramo igikorwa kugeza igihe umubare w'imyitozo ikenewe kuri iyo point urangiye. Komeza intambwe ku yindi kugira ngo urangize ingero zose z'amazi.
2.5.8Nyuma yo gupima, zimya pompe, valve zijyanye nazo, akabati k'ibikoresho byo gutangiza VFD, compressor y'umwuka, akabati k'amashanyarazi, akabati k'ubuyobozi, na IPC bikurikiranye.
2.5.9Imbonerahamwe y'Imikorere
2.6 Sisitemu yo gupima no kugenzura mudasobwa
2.6.1Imikorere ya sisitemu
Sisitemu yo gupima no kugenzura ikoresha mudasobwa nk'igice cy'ingenzi cyo kugenzura amakuru. Ihuza ibikoresho na porogaramu, ihita ibona kandi igatunganya amakuru yo gupima (ubushyuhe, ibyohereza umuvuduko, ibipimo bisanzwe by'umuvuduko, umuvuduko wa MUT, ibipimo); igenzura imashini zikoresha pompe, valve zifunga, valve zigenzura, VFD, n'ibice by'ubunini bw'amashanyarazi (diverter, valve yo gusohora amazi); igenzura umuvuduko, ubushyuhe, n'umuvuduko; ihindura imikorere; kandi ikagaragaza, ikabibika, kandi igacapa ibisubizo byo gupima, irangiza inzira yo kugenzura ibipimo.
2.6.2Imiterere ya sisitemu y'ibikoresho
2.6.2.1 Porogaramu Igenzura ry'Ibintu Bishobora Gutegurwa (PLC) n'Ibikoresho Bikoreshwa mu Gupima no Gupima
PLC ikora nk'umugenzuzi wo ku rwego rwo hasi. Imirimo ikubiyemo:
* Gufata ibimenyetso, kubona, guhindura mu gaciro ka parameter kuri IPC (<1ms igihe cyo gupima).
* Kugenzura ibikorwa byikora, kugenzura uburyo bwo kugenzura ibintu byikora.
* Itumanaho ry'itumanaho.
Ikoresha module za Siemens PLC, module za I/O, na module za counter. Ishyizwe mu kabati kabigenewe gashinzwe kugenzura hakurikijwe IEC60439, GB4942, GB50062-92. Ifite switch zo gufunga n'ibimenyetso by'intabaza.
Akabati kandi gafite ibikoresho byo mu mpande (switches, fuses, relays, contactors) bikoresha ibirango by’ubuziranenge byo mu gihugu.
2.6.2.2Igihe cyo Gupima Igihe
Yakorewe mu nzu, igaragaza igihe/kubara kuri mudasobwa. Gupima inshuro byagutse bitazwi neza *U*=3×10⁻⁶ (*k*=2); ubushobozi buke ≤0.001s. Uburyo bwo gupima bwabitswe hamwe n'ibisohoka bibiri byo gupima igihe kuri interineti hakoreshejwe inshuro zisanzwe.
Ibisobanuro bya tekiniki:
| Oya. | Ikintu | Igipimo | Icyitonderwa |
| 1 | Crystal Oscillator 8h Ihamye | ≤1×10⁻⁶ |
|
| 2 | Inshuro nyinshi. Kutamenya neza kwaguwe | U=3×10⁻⁶ (*k*=2) |
|
| 3 | Ubushobozi buke bwo gusuzuma igihe | 0.001s |
|
2.6.2.3Uburyo bwo kugenzura ubwikorezi buhinduka (VFD) na sisitemu yo kugenzura
Ikoresha sisitemu za VFD mu kugenzura umuvuduko w'ipompo mu kugenzura amazi atemba. VFD ni ibice by'ingenzi, bishyirwa mu tubati tw'ibanze twa VFD hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa GGD, hakurikijwe IEC60439, GB4942, GB50062-92.
Sisitemu ya VFD ifite imikorere yo guhagarika porogaramu mu buryo bwihuse/bworoshye. Gutangira/guhagarika bisanzwe bishobora kuba intoki (mu buryo bwihuse) cyangwa mudasobwa ikoresha remote control.
2.6.2.4Ishami rishinzwe kugenzura hagati
Ikirango cya Advantech Industrial PC (IPC). Imiterere nyamukuru:
| Oya. | Imiterere y'ibikoresho | Igipimo | Icyitonderwa |
| 1 | Ikibaho cya motherboard | Advantech |
|
| 2 | CPU | I5 |
|
| 3 | Kwibuka | 8G |
|
| 4 | Disiki ikomeye | 1TB + 120G SSD |
|
| 5 | Igenzura | Ibara rya LCD rya santimetero 24 |
|
IPC niyo shingiro. Ikoresheje "Porogaramu yo Gupima no Kugenzura Imikorere", yakira amakuru yo mu murima aturutse kuri PLC, igenzura ibyavuye muri sisitemu, iyobora inzira zo gupima, ikora ibintu, ikora/ibarura amakuru yo gupima, ikerekana/ibika inyandiko/raporo, kandi yemerera kubaza/gusubiza amakuru y'amateka.
IPC monitor, imbeba, na clavier bikoreshwa nk'uburyo bwo guhuza imashini n'abantu (HMI).
2.6.2.5Igikoresho cyo gusohora
Imashini imwe ya laser ya A4.
2.6.3Sisitemu ya Porogaramu
Igizwe na "Porogaramu yo gupima no kugenzura imikorere y'amakuru", "Porogaramu yo gutunganya amakuru ya Calibration", "Porogaramu yo gutunganya amakuru ya itumanaho" ikorera kuri IPC; na "Porogaramu yo kugenzura PLC" ikorera kuri PLC.
2.6.3.1Imbonerahamwe y'imikorere ya porogaramu
2.6.3.2Ecran nyamukuru z'imikorere ya porogaramu
2.6.3.3Imikorere y'ibanze ya Porogaramu
Kugaragaza no Gukora Ibikorwa: Imbonerahamwe y'igenamigambi ry'imikorere ihindagurika igaragaza uko igerageza rihagaze. Igaragaza imiterere y'ibipimo by'ubuhanga mu gihe nyacyo. Ibikorwa byubahiriza amahame, amabwiriza, n'amabwiriza y'igihugu; igenzura ryizewe kandi ryizewe.
Igaragaza ry'imimerere: Igaragaza ibipimo by'aho umuyoboro unyura (ubushyuhe, umuvuduko, umuvuduko, umuvuduko, nibindi) n'imiterere y'ibikoresho mu ishusho.
Raporo & Amateka Yamakuru Yabayobozit: Ikora raporo z'impinduka, za buri munsi, za buri kwezi, n'iz'umwaka ku bipimo by'ingenzi n'uko ibikoresho bihagaze. Raporo zishobora gucapwa mu buryo bwikora cyangwa zigacapwa n'intoki.
Gucunga Ubutumwa: Igaragaza amakuru y'ikosa binyuze mu guhindura amabara, pop-up, imbonerahamwe. Ishyiraho inzogera z'ibipimo ntarengwa n'inzogera z'ikosa ry'ibikoresho.
Imicungire y'Umukoresha/Umutekano: Itanga urwego rwinshi rwo kwinjira hamwe n'ibikorwa by'ingenzi bitandukanye. Urwego rw'ijambo ry'ibanga rukenewe kugira ngo igikoresho gitangirwe/gihagarare n'igenamiterere ryacyo kugira ngo hirindwe ko gikoreshwa nabi.
Imicungire ya sisitemu: Ashyiraho/abika amakuru y'abakoresha. Acunga abakoresha, akandika amateka y'uko binjirira/bikoreshwa kugira ngo amenye niba hari ikibazo cyangwa umutekano.
Bika & Bika Inyandiko: Ubushobozi bwo kubika no kubika amakuru y'igerageza n'amadosiye ajyanye nayo.
A. Imirimo yo kugenzura
* Igenzura ryikora ry’uburyo bwo gupima.
* Gutangiza/guhagarika pompe no kugenzura inshuro.
* Kugenzura imvange.
* Igenzura ryo guhinduranya ikoranabuhanga.
* Uburinzi bw'aho kontineri iherereye.
* Igenzura ry'amazi anyuramo: rigenzura mu buryo bwikora ifunguka rya valve hashingiwe ku ruziga rw'aho amazi anyura.
B. Imirimo yo Kubona Amakuru
* Ibimenyetso bya analog byabonetse binyuze muri module za 16-bit high-precision.
* Ibimenyetso byo kugenzura bicungwa na module za poroseseri ya Boolean yihuta cyane (CPU yigenga, cycle <1us) kugira ngo haboneke amakuru ajyanye n'igihe.
* Gupima ubushyuhe, umuvuduko w'amakuru.
* Igipimo gisanzwe cy'amakuru y'urujya n'uruza rw'amazi.
* Gupima amakuru y'umuvuduko wa MUT (4-20mA, umuvuduko w'amaraso, nibindi).
* Gupima amakuru y'ibipimo.
* Igisubizo cy'ikimenyetso cy'aho valve iherereye.
C. Imirimo yo Gutunganya Amakuru
* Atunganya amakuru yo gupima no gusuzuma ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi hakurikijwe ibipimo ngenderwaho by'igihugu, amabwiriza n'amabwiriza.
* Yemerera gushyiraho ibipimo ngenderwaho by'umuvuduko w'amazi mu buryo butunguranye.
* Gushyiraho amanota y’igerageza mu buryo bworoshye, umubare w’ibimaze gukorwa, igihe cyo gukora (auto per standard cyangwa se byemewe n’umukoresha).
* Ibika inyandiko z'ibizamini muri database kugira ngo ibaze, icapishe, ihindure, cyangwa isibe uko bikenewe.
* Ikora raporo z'amakuru mu buryo bwikora kandi igacunga amakuru.
D. Imikorere yo kwerekana
Igaragaza uburyo bwo kugenzura ibikoresho mu gihe nyacyo. Rigaragaza uko valve ihagaze, uburyo valve ifunguka, uburyo ikimenyetso cya MUT gihagaze, uko amazi agenda, ubushyuhe, icyerekezo cyo guhindura icyerekezo, uko valve ikoreshwa, inshuro ya VFD igenda, nibindi.
E. Imirimo yo Gukora
Uburyo bworoshye bwo gukoresha hamwe n'imikorere y'amashusho. Genzura ibikoresho byo mu murima ukoresheje gukanda ku mbeba, byoroshye kandi bisobanutse.
F. Imikorere y'Umupfumu
Interineti y'umupfumu iyobora abakoresha mu nzira yose yo gupima. Shyiraho ibipimo bikenewe / amakuru ya MUT kuri buri nteguza. Ibikorwa byoroshye birangiza gupima nyuma yo gushyiraho. Kugenzura byoroshye kandi byihuse; biroroshye kubyiga.
2.6.3.4Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryihariye ry'Imirimo y'ingenzi
A. Gukoresha MUT
Sisitemu ishobora gutanga umuriro wa MUT. Ibimenyetso bya MUT bisomwa na module za PLC zipima mu buryo bwikora uburyo amazi anyuramo. Guhindura ingano/ingano y'amazi, gukosora uburyo amazi anyuramo mu gipimo, gukosora ubushyuhe/umuvuduko, gutunganya amakuru akenewe, na raporo bicungwa na porogaramu ya IPC mu buryo bwikora.
Nkuko bigaragara hepfo, porogaramu ikoresha ikoranabuhanga isaba ko ibipimo bya MUT byinjizwa n'intoki (urugero: ubwoko bw'ikimenyetso binyuze kuri menu imanuka: umuyoboro wa analog, pulse, nta gisohoka). Nyuma yo guhitamo, sisitemu yihitiramo kohereza ikimenyetso ku muyoboro ukwiye.
B. Gukoresha Ibipimo By'Ubwenge
Ingufu za meter y’ikirenga zitangwa na sisitemu. Amakuru yabonetse binyuze mu gusoma pulse. Porogaramu igaragaza umuyoboro wo gupima kugira ngo ihitemo meter y’ikirenga ijyanye nayo. Mu gihe cyo gupima, PLC yikusanya pulse zose kugira ngo irebe ko ikosa ryo kubona ≤ ± 1 pulse. Templates y’ikirenga ishobora kwigenzura buri gihe kuri interineti hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga.
C. Gufata ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko
Ibikoresho byose bikoresha ubushyuhe/imyohereza bikoresha sisitemu. Ubuhanga bwo guhindura ibintu bukenewe kugira ngo bikosorwe. Ikoresha module za A/D za biti 16 zifite ubuziranenge bwo hejuru, umuvuduko, ikoranabuhanga ryo kuyungurura, n'uburyo bwo kwishyura.
D. Uburyo bwo kuzimya valve no kugenzura diverter
Ingufu nazo zitangwa na sisitemu. Zishobora kugenzurwa ukoresheje amashusho/utubuto twa ecran cyangwa mu buryo bwikora kuri buri gikorwa. Diverter ihinduranya mu buryo bwikora mu gihe cyo gupima; igihe cyagenwe cyandika igihe cyo guhindura n'igihe cy'urugendo.
E. Kugenzura Igenzura ry'Amasafuriya
Umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ugenzurwa utangwa na module ya D/A. Ukoreshwa cyane cyane mu kugenzura aho amazi anyura. Iyo umuvuduko uhagaze neza wo hejuru, ifunguka rya valve riba rigororotse; kuyigenzura bituma igera ku muvuduko ukenewe.
F. Gushakisha amakuru ku gipimo
Ingufu za AC220V zitangwa na sisitemu. Amakuru yabonetse binyuze mu itumanaho rya RS485. Porogaramu ishobora guhitamo urwego rw'ubunini bukwiye hakurikijwe igihe cyo gukoresha ingufu/gupima, cyangwa umukozi ashobora guhitamo akoresheje uburyo bwo gukoresha interineti.
Icyitegererezo cy'ikizamini cya G. Diverter
Yorohereza gupima igihe cyo guhindura amakuru muri iyi ecran, igatanga amakuru akurikije amabwiriza. Amakuru ashobora koherezwa mu mahanga no kubikwa muri database.
H. Icyitegererezo cy'ikizamini cy'ubudahangarwa
Yorohereza kugenzura uburyo amazi anyura muri iyi ecran, bigatuma amakuru akurikiza amabwiriza aboneka. Amakuru ashobora koherezwa no kubikwa.
2.6.3.5Porogaramu yo Guteza Imbere Porogaramu zo Kugenzura
Porogaramu yo kugenzura yo ku rwego rwo hejuru (IPC) yakozwe hakoreshejwe porogaramu yo gushyiraho. Porogaramu yo kugenzura yo ku rwego rwo hasi (PLC) yashyizwe muri porogaramu yo gushyiraho. Itanga HMI, amashusho agaragaza uko sisitemu ihagaze, igenzura ryimbitse. Ifite ubushobozi bwo guhuza ibikoresho n'imikorere ikomeye. Yakozwe vuba, byoroshye gukoresha, kandi ni nziza.
Porogaramu yo gutunganya amakuru hakoreshejwe kode yo kugenzura ya Microsoft Office Excel VBA. Ububiko bw'amakuru bwa Microsoft SQL Server bubika amakuru yo gusesengura. Sisitemu ya raporo ishingiye kuri Excel ikora raporo kandi igacunga amakuru ubwayo.
Kwerekana amakuru mu buryo bwihuse, gutunganya amakuru mu buryo bwikora, kubika ibisubizo n'amakuru fatizo kugira ngo bigenzurwe n'intoki, bikareba ko ari ukuri. Bika inyandiko muri database kugira ngo zikoreshwe mu bushakashatsi, mu gucapa, guhindura no gusiba.
Porogaramu ya serivisi yo gutumanaho hakoreshejwe VB 6.0 SP6 yakozwe hakoreshejwe ibyuma n'ibindi bikoresho.
Kuvugurura no Kubungabunga Porogaramu: Yoroshye kuyikoresha, irabungabungwa cyane. Itanga ivugurura ry'igihe cyose kugira ngo ihuze n'impinduka mu mahame/amabwiriza cyangwa ibyo umukoresha akeneye.
2.7 Uburyo bwo kubungabunga
2.7.1Gusana Pompe y'Urufunguzo
2.7.1.1Kurikiza neza inzira zo gukoresha pompe mu gutangira, gukoresha, no guhagarika. Bika inyandiko z'imikorere.
2.7.1.2Reba amavuta yo kwisiga aho amavuta ashyirwa kuri buri gikoresho ukurikije amabwiriza asabwa. Shyira mu bikorwa neza.
2.7.1.3Reba ubushyuhe bw'inyuma y'umugozi: ≤ ubushyuhe bw'ikirere + 35°C; ubushyuhe ntarengwa bw'inyuma y'umugozi ≤75°C; ubushyuhe ntarengwa bw'inyuma y'umugozi ≤70°C. Reba ubwiyongere bw'ubushyuhe bwa moteri kuri buri simburana.
2.7.1.4Reba buri gihe uko umupfundikizo w'umugozi usohoka: Umupfundikizo wo gupakira ~ 10 ku munota; Umupfundikizo wa mekanike: nta gusohoka kw'umupfundikizo.
2.7.1.5Reba umuvuduko w'ipompo, umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi (usanzwe/udahindagurika) mu gihe cy'imikorere. Umva urusaku/ibintu bitagenda neza. Komeza ibibazo vuba.
2.7.2Gusana sisitemu yo kugenzura
2.7.2.1Sukura ivumbi mu kabati k'amashanyarazi GUSA nyuma y'uko umuriro urangiye.
2.7.2.2NTUKORESHE mudasobwa ikoreshwa kuri interineti cyangwa porogaramu zidafite aho zihuriye. Koresha buri gihe porogaramu zipima virusi kandi uvugurure porogaramu zirwanya virusi.
2.7.2.3Niba wongeye gushyiramo OS, banza ukoreshe CACK UP usuzuma amakuru kugira ngo wirinde gutakaza.
2.7.2.4Menya neza ko umuriro uhoraho kandi ko insinga zidafite ubushyuhe bwinshi zikoreshwa mu kugenzura.
2.7.3Gusana igikoresho gifunga ibyuma by'umwuka
2.7.3.1Nyuma yo kuyikoresha igihe kirekire, shyira amavuta ya moteri mu cyuma cyo kwagura.
2.7.3.2Mu gihe ukorera ku muyoboro umwe, funga valve zitanga umwuka ku yindi miyoboro kugira ngo wirinde ko izindi clamps zishyirwa ku mutwaro, bigatera ingaruka ku buzima bwazo.
2.7.3.3Mbere yo gukora, reba neza ko imiyoboro y'umwuka yazibye cyangwa yamenetse. Buri gihe shyira amazi yakusanyije mu miyoboro.
2.7.4Gusana ikigega cy'amazi
Sukura ikigega buri gihe, usimbuze amazi kugira ngo wirinde ko imyanda yangiza ipompo. Kora isuku yo kurwanya ingese/ingese imbere buri mwaka cyangwa ukurikije ubwiza bw'amazi.
2.7.5Kubungabunga icyuma gikuraho umwuka/icyuma gitunganya ibyuma
Ni ingenzi mu gukuraho imyuka no kuyungurura. Sukura buri gihe igice cy'imbere cy'icyuma gifungurira: Kuraho bolts zo hejuru zihuza, fungura flange yo hejuru, kuraho filter, sukura imyanda kuri ecran, simbura, ongera uteranye flange.
2.7.6Gusana Icyumba cyo Kugenzura no Gutunganya Ipompe
2.7.6.1Menya neza ko ubushyuhe bw'icyumba/ubushuhe bwujuje ibisabwa. Bika humutse kandi bisukuye.
2.7.6.2Irinde ko amazi yiyongera mu cyumba cyo kuvoma. Sukura buri gihe.
2.7.6.3BURI gihe uzimya umuriro w'amashanyarazi mbere yo gusukura, gusukura, cyangwa kugenzura kugira ngo wirinde gukomeretswa n'amashanyarazi cyangwa gukomereka.
Icyitonderwa: Gufata ibikoresho byigenga by’inyongera hakurikijwe amabwiriza yabo.
2.8 Uburyo bwo Gukoresha Umutekano
2.8.1Kongera ubumenyi ku mutekano. Kongera ubumenyi ku mutekano bigabanya impanuka. Kongera ubumenyi ku mutekano, kumenya ibyago, kumenya no gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba z’umutekano ni bwo buryo bwonyine bwo gukuraho impanuka.
2.8.2NTUGACIKE ku mategeko. Kurenga ku mategeko bibanziriza impanuka; impanuka ziterwa no kurenga ku mategeko. Guca inzira kugira ngo byorohere, byihute, cyangwa imbaraga bishobora guteza akaga. Kurenga ku mategeko bigomba gukurwaho.
2.8.3Kugera ku "bintu bitatu bitababaza" by'ukuri: Ntukigirire nabi; Ntugakomeretse abandi; Ntugakomeretse abandi. Ibi ni ingenzi mu gucunga umutekano.
2.8.4Ukurikize amabwiriza yose agenga aho hantu. Menya neza ko ibintu byose byangiza umutekano bifite abantu babishoboye.
2.8.5Abakora bagomba guhugurwa mbere yo gukora. Bagomba gusoma no gusobanukirwa neza amabwiriza y’igihugu yo kugenzura, ibipimo byo gupima, n’ibitabo by’amabwiriza mbere yo kwemererwa gukora.
2.8.6Uburyo bwo gupima amazi ni amazi meza. Simbuza amazi hashingiwe ku mwanda kugira ngo wirinde kwangirika kwa pompe na metero zisanzwe bigatera impanuka.
2.8.7Ubwato butuje ni ubwato bukoresha umuvuduko. NTUGAKITE cyangwa ngo ubuhindure. Gabanya abakozi KURE mu gihe cy'akazi.
2.8.8Mu gushyiramo/gukuraho MUT, shyiramo neza. NTUKISHYIZEMO intoki mu miyoboro cyangwa ngo ukoreho utwenge tw'imigozi. Fata imyanya ku mpande mu gihe ushyiramo/ugukuraho.
2.8.9Nyuma yo gushyiraho/gutangira, NTUGASENYERE mu ibanga kugira ngo wirinde kwangiza ibice byabyo.
2.8.10NTUGASIMBURE mudasobwa yawe uko ubyishakiye. NTUGAKORESHE kuri interineti cyangwa porogaramu zidafite aho zihuriye. Skena buri gihe virusi kandi uvugurure antivirus.
2.8.11NTUGACURUZE/GUSABYE icyuma icyo ari cyo cyose cyo guhuza cyangwa plagi.
2.8.12NTUGASIBE dosiye zo kubika inyandiko za sisitemu y'imikorere.
2.8.13Mu gihe ukoresha umwuka ufunze, genzura buri gihe uburyo bwo guhumeka n'ibikoresho by'umutekano kugira ngo wirinde ko imiyoboro y'umwuka yaziba bigatuma habaho umuvuduko ukabije mu bigega/imiyoboro.
2.8.14Erekana imiyoboro y'umwuka ahantu hadatuwe n'abantu, hasi, cyangwa mu kirere. NTUKIGERE werekeza ku bikoresho, abakozi, inzira, cyangwa aho binjirira.
2.8.15BURI gihe uzimya umuriro w'amashanyarazi mbere yo gusukura, gusukura, cyangwa kugenzura. Birinda ibice by'amashanyarazi gucika intege, gukomeretsa no gukomeretsa.
2.8.16Mbere yo kugenda buri munsi, abakora akazi BAGOMBA kugenzura ko inzugi/amadirishya n'amashanyarazi bizimye, bakareba ko ahantu hakorerwa umutekano.
2.9 Imikorere n'Imikorere ya Kabati ya Frequency Converter
2.9.1Ikoreshwa: Banza urebe mu kabati niba nta majwi/impumuro idasanzwe. Niba ari byiza, fungura switch nyamukuru y'amashanyarazi (Gutanga umuriro). Itara ry'icyatsi kibisi (Gutanga umuriro) ku kabati riracana, umufana aratangira, itara ry'umutuku naryo riracana. Ubu pompe itangira/ihagarara ishobora kugenzurwa hakoreshejwe mudasobwa. Voltmeter yerekana ~380V, ammeter igaragaza umuriro ukoreshwa.
2.9.2Gutangiza Pompe: Bigomba gutangizwa muri VFD mode. Koresha uburyo bwa mudasobwa kugira ngo uhindure umusaruro wa VFD kugira ngo uhindure umuvuduko wa moteri.
2.9.3NTUGASHIRE ku buryo butaziguye umurongo ntarengwa wa VFD mu gihe cyo gukora. Umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi unyuramo uba uri hejuru cyane, ushobora kwangiza ibikoresho.
2.9.4Guzimya: Banza uhagarike moteri zose ukoresheje mudasobwa. Hanyuma kanda buto itukura (Hitamo umuriro) ku kabati kugeza igihe umutuku wose ucanye. Hanyuma, zimya icyuma gikoresha icyuma gitanga umuriro.
2.9.5Agapfundo k'ihitamo ry'intoki/automatic hamwe n'amatsinda y'utubuto two gutangiriraho/guhagarara ku kabati NTABWO BYIFUZA KO BIKORESHWA MU GUKORESHA IBIKORESHO BYO MU GUKORESHA IBIKORESHO. Ni ibyo kubungabunga ibikoresho no gukemura ibibazo bya pompe GUSA.
Niba gukosora amakosa bisaba guhindura igenamiterere rya VFD (rishyirwa kuri mode yo kugenzura panel), reba igitabo cy'amabwiriza cya VFD.
2.9.6Akabati k'amashanyarazi na moteri zikoresha pompe BIGOMBA gusuzumwa buri gihe n'inzobere. Kurikiza inzira zo kugenzura ibice by'amashanyarazi buri gihe. Simbuza ibice byangiritse vuba. Menya neza ko bikora neza. Abakoresha BAGOMBA gukurikiza inzira. Menya neza umutekano w'umuntu ku giti cye!
2.10 Igitabo cy'amabwiriza yo gusana ibikoresho
Iyi nyandiko igaragaza ibihe byo gusana ikigo, ibikubiye muri cyo, uburyo gitezwa imbere, n'uburyo gikemura ibibazo. Ikoreshwa nk'icyitegererezo ku bakoresha n'abakozi bashinzwe gusana. Harimo:
(1) Ibikoresho biherekeza inyandiko;
(2) Amabwiriza agenga ibipimo by'umuvuduko w'amazi n'ibipimo byayo;
(3) Ibitabo by'ubushakashatsi ku gusana no gutunganya ikoranabuhanga.
2.10.1Inzira yo kubungabunga
Ishobora guhindurwa hashingiwe ku igenzura ry’imiterere y’ibikoresho n’uko bihagaze.
Imbonerahamwe y'ibikorwa byo kubungabunga:
| Ikintu cyo kubungabunga | Ubwoko bwo kubungabunga | Gusana Gato | Gusana gukomeye |
| Pompe yo mu bwoko bwa Centrifugal | Igare | Amezi 8-12 | Amezi 12-24 |
| Kompressor y'umwuka | Igare | ||
| Ibikoresho byo gutunganya | Igare | ||
| Sisitemu yo Kugenzura | Igare |
2.10.2Ibikubiye mu kubungabunga no gusana
2.10.2.1Pompe yo mu bwoko bwa Centrifugal
A. Gukemura ibibazo no gusana
| Ikibazo | Impamvu ishoboka | Umuti |
| Pompe ntitangira | Ihuza ryarahagaze | Reba insinga z'amashanyarazi, kosora niba bibaye ngombwa |
| Fuse yaturikanywe | Simbuza firize | |
| Uburinzi bwa moteri bwaracitse | Reba imiterere y'uburinzi, ukosore niba bitari byo | |
| Uburinzi bwa moteri ntibuhinduka, ikosa ryo kugenzura | Reba uburyo bwo kugenzura uburinzi bwa moteri, ukosore niba bitari byo | |
| Moteri ntabwo itangira/itatangira cyane | Voltage/frequency igabanuka cyane ku bipimo | Kunoza amashanyarazi, reba aho insinga zinyura |
| Icyerekezo cyo kuzenguruka kitari cyo | Ikosa ryo guhuza moteri | Hindura ibyiciro bibiri |
| Gutakaza umuvuduko mwinshi mu gihe cy'umutwaro | Gutwara ibintu byinshi cyane | Pima imbaraga, koresha moteri nini cyangwa gabanya umutwaro nibiba ngombwa |
| Kugabanuka k'amashanyarazi | Ongera igice cy'insinga | |
| Umwotsi wa moteri, umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi uri hejuru | Ikosa ryo kuzunguruka | Ohereza moteri kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu bunyamwuga |
| Gusukura rotor | ||
| Fuse ihita iduka / Indwara zo mu bwoko bwa Prot | Umurongo mugufi | Umuyoboro mugufi ukwiye |
| Umuyoboro mugufi wa moteri | Ohereza moteri kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu bunyamwuga | |
| Ikosa ryo gukoresha insinga | Urugendo rukwiye | |
| Ikosa rya moteri ku butaka | Ohereza moteri kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu bunyamwuga | |
| Moteri ishyushye cyane (yapimwe) | Gutwara ibintu byinshi cyane | Pima imbaraga, koresha moteri nini cyangwa gabanya umutwaro nibiba ngombwa |
| Ubukonje buke | Kunoza uburyo umwuka ukonjesha, gusukura imiyoboro y'umwuka, kongeramo umufana ukoresha imbaraga nibiba ngombwa | |
| Ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'ikirere | Komeza kugera mu cyiciro cyemewe | |
| Guhuza ibintu mu buryo budafite ishingiro (igabanuka ry'icyiciro) | Kosora uburyo bwo kuvugana nabi | |
| Fuse yaturikanywe | Shaka/kosora impamvu (reba haruguru), simbura firizi |
B. Gusana Ibikoresho: Kimwe n'Igice2.7.1
2.10.2.3Ibikoresho byo gutunganya (Ibipfukamunwa, Ibikoresho byo Kugabanya Ibinyabiziga, Amavaluvu)
A. Gukemura ibibazo no gusana
| Ikibazo | Impamvu ishoboka | Umuti | |
| Shyira igipfunsi ku buryo bukomeye kugira ngo utangire | Umuvuduko w'umwuka muke | Reba niba hari aho amazi yamenetse, hindura regulator/lubricator | |
| Imbaraga zo gufunga zidahagije | |||
| Aho gushyiramo ibintu ntibihamye | Valve ikoreshwa n'intoki ntabwo ikora neza | ||
| Ubushyuhe buke mu muyoboro w'amazi | Ongeraho amavuta ukoresheje uburyo bwo kwinjiza umwuka bwa silindiri | ||
| Silinda yangiritse | Suzuma hanyuma usimbuze | ||
| Umuvuduko wo gufunga vuba cyane/gahoro cyane | Umuvuduko w'umwuka muke | Hindura valve yo kwinjira mu gitereko | |
| Umuvuduko w'umwuka mwinshi | Hindura valve yo kwinjira mu gitereko | ||
| Silinda yangiritse | Suzuma hanyuma usimbuze | ||
| Guhindura ibintu bigoranye gutangira | Umuvuduko w'umwuka muke | Reba niba hari aho amazi yamenetse, hindura regulator/lubricator | |
| Umuvuduko wo guhindura buhoro | |||
| Aho guhinduranya ntibiragera | Suzuma valve ya solenoid, isane | ||
| Ubushyuhe buke bw'imiyoboro y'amazi | Ongeraho amavuta ukoresheje uburyo bwo kwinjiza umwuka bwa silindiri | ||
| Silinda yangiritse | Suzuma hanyuma usimbuze | ||
| Igihe cyo guhindura ibintu gitandukanye cyane n'icyitegererezo | Guhinduranya ibumoso/iburyo ntabwo bihuza | Hindura aho basohokera valve ya solenoid | |
| Uburinzi bw'amashanyarazi butashyizwe iburyo | Reba kandi uhindure aho ingabo iherereye | ||
| Valve iragoye gutangira | Umuvuduko w'umwuka muke | Reba niba hari aho amazi yamenetse, hindura regulator/lubricator | |
| Umuvuduko wo guhindura buhoro | |||
| Silindari y'amashanyarazi iva umwuka | Simbuza ibifuniko | |
| Valve ya Solenoid ntabwo ikora | Igenzura n'isana |
B. Gusana Ibikoresho: Kuri Buri Gice2.7.3 na2.8.13.
2.10.2.4Sisitemu yo Kugenzura
A. Gukemura ibibazo no gusana
| Ikibazo | Impamvu ishoboka | Umuti |
| Ikosa rya mudasobwa | Mudasobwa ntikora | Igenzura n'isana |
| Insinga ifunguye cyangwa ikora nabi | Suzuma hanyuma usimbuze insinga | |
| Imashini ifunguye cyangwa ikora nabi | Simbuza terminal | |
| Porogaramu ya sisitemu yangiritse | Ongera ushyireho sisitemu nyuma yo kutumenyesha | |
| Nta makuru y'ibikoresho | Ihuza rya tagisi rikoresha instrument-control rifunguye/ridakora neza | Reba insinga n'ibyuma by'amashanyarazi Simbuza terminal cyangwa fusion Simbuza umuyoboro wa transmitter |
| Nta gipimo cy'ubushyuhe/umuvuduko | Kabine y'ubushyuhe/umuvuduko Tx-Control irafunguye/ntiyifashe neza | |
| Ikosa ku ngufu z'ibimenyetso | Module y'amashanyarazi cyangwa insinga ifite ikibazo | Simbuza module cyangwa insinga |
| Kabine yo kugenzura nta gisubizo | Umuyoboro wa tagisi cyangwa insinga byangiritse | Simbuza icyuma cya cab cyangwa insinga |
- Kubungabunga sisitemu yo kugenzura:
- Buri gihe kuraho ivumbi ku kabati k'amashanyarazi neza cyane iyo umuriro uvanyweho.
- Ntugakoreshe mudasobwa y'iki gikoresho kugira ngo ukoreshe interineti cyangwa ngo ushyiremo porogaramu iyo ari yo yose idafite aho ihuriye n'akazi; kora scan ya virusi ku gihe kandi ukomeze kuvugurura porogaramu za antivirus.
- Niba ushyizemo sisitemu, reba neza ko hari amakuru yahinduwe kugira ngo wirinde ko amakuru yo kugenzura abura.
- Menya neza ko amashanyarazi ahoraho kandi nta nkomyi abangamira sisitemu yo kugenzura.
- Reba buri gihe insinga z'ibimenyetso ku kabati k'igenzura. Kangura imiyoboro iyo ari yo yose idakora ukoresheje screwdriver ifite umutwe ugororotse.
- Jya ugenzura buri gihe niba swichi/amakuru ari kuri control panel agenda ahindagurika neza. Iyo habayeho kunyerera, reba niba hari vis zo gufunga zidakomeye hanyuma uzikomeze; usimbuze niba zangiritse.
- Kura amashanyarazi adahindagurika ukoresheje ikigabanya umuriro w'amashanyarazi (ELCB) buri kwezi.
2.10.2.5Ikizamini n'Ukwemerwa
A. Gutegura mbere yo gusuzuma: Kwemeza ko gusana byarangiye, ubuziranenge, inyandiko; gusukura aho byakorewe; ibikoresho/igenzura/ingufuri byakosowe; sisitemu y'amavuta yuzuye; sisitemu y'umwuka ifunguye/isohoka; sisitemu y'amashanyarazi yasanwe/ikoresha umuriro; ibikoresho byateguwe.
B. Gukoresha ikizamini: Ikizamini kidasaba gutwika; kwemeza ko sisitemu za peteroli/amazi/umwuka/amashanyarazi/ibikoresho bisanzwe; gukora amasaha 72 nta kibazo mbere yo kwemererwa; kwemerwa gusinywe n'abakozi babishinzwe.